Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Periodontal Health

The Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Periodontal Health Among a Sample of Adult Egyptian Patients. A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

The main objective of the study is to assess the effect of waterpipe smoking on periodontal health, which will be done using a well constructed validated questionnaire. Then a full periodontal examination and x-ray evaluation will be done for all of the participants.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Periodontal Diseases; Waterpipe Smoking

Detailed Description

The primary outcome of the study is to assess the effect of waterpipe smoking on periodontal health, it will be assessed by questions about smoking habits, including smoking mode as well as duration (heads smoked per day) and extent of use (age of initiation and number of sessions per week) of waterpipe smoking.

A full periodontal examination using UNC-15 periodontal probe will be done for all of the participants measuring the CAL, Probing Depth (PD), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival recession depth (GD). In subjects where attachment loss will be clinically detected, radiographic examination will be performed by digital periapical radiograph to detect the amount of bone loss, then staging will be done according to the new classification by the aid of radiographic examination.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 323

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Giza
    • Cairo, Giza, Egypt, 11865
      • Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Dental patients will be recruited in a consecutive manner from the outpatient Diagnostic center, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients whose age is between 18-60 years old.
2. Patient consulting in the outpatient clinic.
3. Provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Individuals with chronic systemic diseases such as diabetes, endocrine and hematological Pathologies.
2. Patients having problem in opening their mouth or undergoing intermaxillary fixation where oral examination will not be possible.
3. Pregnant women.
4. Patients diagnosed with psychiatric problems or intoxicated with alcohol or drugs.
5. Patients with orthodontic appliances.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Ecologic or Community
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
periodontal health condition in waterpipe smokers.	will be assessed from questions about smoking habits, including smoking mode as well as duration and extent of use of waterpipe smoking and measuring the CAL for staging the periodontal condition according to the new classification by the aid of radiographic examination.	through study completion, an average of 1 year.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Impact of sociodemographic factors on periodontal health	Questions regarding sociodemographic information such as educational level, income and marital status will be analyzed.	through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Impact of oral hygiene behaviour on periodontal health.	Questions regarding oral health behaviors such as toothbrushing frequency, use of auxiliary aids, dental visits and toothbrushing method will be analyzed too.	through study completion, an average of 1 year.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Noha Ayman Ghallab
• Investigators: Study Director: Noha Ayman Ghallab, MD, Professor of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Natto S, Baljoon M, Bergstrom J. Tobacco smoking and periodontal health in a Saudi Arabian population. J Periodontol. 2005 Nov;76(11):1919-26. doi: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.11.1919.
• Alzyoud S, Veeranki SP, Kheirallah KA, Shotar AM, Pbert L. Validation of the Waterpipe Tolerance Questionnaire Among Jordanian School-Going Adolescent Waterpipe Users. Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Jun 25;8(2):198-208. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n2p198.
• Al-Alimi A, Halboub E, Al-Sharabi AK, Taiyeb-Ali T, Jaafar N, Al-Hebshi NN. Independent determinants of periodontitis in Yemeni adults: A case-control study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018 Nov;16(4):503-511. doi: 10.1111/idh.12352. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 1, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 30, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): October 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 9, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 9, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): August 12, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 11, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 10, 2022
• Last Verified: March 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Stomatognathic Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Periodontal Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: Mariam2020

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No