Normative Reference Values of Equilibrium Coordination Test Among Children

Normative Reference Values of Sideways Walking, Tandem Walking, Cross-stepping, Heel Walking and Toe Walking Among Children

A cross-sectional study will be conducted recruiting children of age group 8-15 years. Pilot study has been conducted for the determination of the sample size. The calculated sample size has come out to be, n=378 which can be taken for males and females separately. Stratified random sampling will be done according to age. Child will be asked to perform all tests one by one and the time taken (in seconds) will be noted required to perform the tests. The mean of three readings will be obtained using a mobile-based stop watch.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Coordination Disorder, Developmental
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Reference values

Detailed Description

756 children will be recruited of age group 8-15 years. Five equilibrium coordination tests i.e. Sideways walking, tandem walking, cross-stepping, heel walking and toe walking will be performed by each child and three readings will be recorded. Mean of three readings will be considered as normative reference value of each test respectively.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 1104

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• India
  • Haryana
    • Ambāla, Haryana, India, 133207
      • Maharishi Markandeshwar International School

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 8 years to 15 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Normal healthy children of age group between 8 and 17 years was recruited

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Typically developing school-going children with age group between 8 and 15 years
• Both male and female
• Able to walk independently
• Able to follow verbal commands

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any fracture of lower limb in last 6 months
• Any congenital anomaly affecting lower limb
• Any developmental disorder
• Any open wounds
• Those who are using any kind of assistive devices
• Any condition that affect the health status of the participants during the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Only
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sideways walking	This test will be used to find the normative values of sideways walking	Immediately after the sideways walking
Tandem walking	This test will be used to find the normative values of tandem walking	Immediately after the Tandem walking
Cross stepping	This test will be used to find the normative values of cross stepping	Immediately after the Cross stepping
Heel Walking	This test will be used to find the normative values of heel walking	Immediately after the Heel Walking
Toe walking	This test will be used to find the normative values of toe walking	Immediately after the Toe walking

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Asir John Samuel
• Collaborators: Maharishi Markandeshwar International School, Mullana
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Nidhi Sharma, PhD Scholar, Maharishi Markendeshwar University (Deemed to be University)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Dunsky A. The Effect of Balance and Coordination Exercises on Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Mini-Review. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019 Nov 15;11:318. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00318. eCollection 2019.
• Aylar MF, Dionisio VC, Jafarnezhadgero A, Parikhani AZ. Body coordination during sit-to-stand in blind and sighted female children. J Biomech. 2020 May 7;104:109708. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109708. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
• Riquelme I, Arnould C, Hatem SM, Bleyenheuft Y. The Two-Arm Coordination Test: Maturation of Bimanual Coordination in Typically Developing Children and Deficits in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. Dev Neurorehabil. 2019 Jul;22(5):312-320. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2018.1498552. Epub 2018 Jul 19.
• McKay MJ, Baldwin JN, Ferreira P, Simic M, Vanicek N, Burns J; 1000 Norms Project Consortium. Normative reference values for strength and flexibility of 1,000 children and adults. Neurology. 2017 Jan 3;88(1):36-43. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003466. Epub 2016 Nov 23.
• Bolk J, Farooqi A, Hafstrom M, Aden U, Serenius F. Developmental Coordination Disorder and Its Association With Developmental Comorbidities at 6.5 Years in Apparently Healthy Children Born Extremely Preterm. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Aug 1;172(8):765-774. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1394.
• Lanzino DJ, Rabinstein A, Kinlaw D, Hepburn SB, Ness BM, Olson KJ, Sobie SM, Hollman JH. Coordination tests in persons with acute central nervous system pathology: assessment of interrater reliability and known-group validity. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2012 Sep;36(3):122-30. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3182641d36.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 2, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 19, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): September 16, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 1, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 2, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): December 16, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 5, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 4, 2023
• Last Verified: October 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: children; walking; postural balance; coordination; normal range
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Motor Skills Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: MMDU/IEC/2153; U1111-1269-9876 (Other Identifier: Universal Trial Number (WHO))

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No