Scapular Kinematics of Young Swimmers

Scapular Kinematics of Asymptomatic Young Swimmers During Dynamic Shoulder Elevation

The aim of this study was to (a) compare the scapular kinematics of asymptomatic swimmers and healthy non-athletes and to (b) compare the scapular kinematics of the dominant and non-dominant shoulders in asymptomatic young swimmers.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Scapula Injuries
• Intervention / Treatment: Other

Detailed Description

This cross-sectional study included 27 volunteered asymptomatic young swimmers (mean age: 12.7 yrs) with at least 3 years of experience in a professional swimming club and 22 healthy non-athletes (mean age: 11.5 yrs). 3D scapular kinematics were evaluated at 0°, 30º, 60º, 90º, and 120º with the electromagnetic tracking system during bilateral arm elevation and lowering on the scapular plane. The differences in the scapular kinematics of the dominant and the non-dominant side in both groups were analyzed with 2 by 8 Mixed Model ANOVA.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 48

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Ankara, Turkey, 06100
    • Hacettepe University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 8 years to 11 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

This cross-sectional study included volunteer young swimmers with at least 3 years of experience in a professional swimming club and healthy non-athletes participants. The swimmer training program includes swimming training 6 days a week (10 hours in total), and 3 land training (3 hours in total) including a general strengthening program (strength of the posterior shoulder musculature, core, squats, pull-ups, etc.) and stretching the anterior shoulder musculature.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Absence of shoulder pain in the last 6 months,
• No discomfort in the shoulder joint during swimming,
• Use of symmetrical breathing patterns in training competitions

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants with a history of upper extremity injury (dislocation, fracture, muscle strain, etc.),
• Pain in clinical tests (Hawkins and Neer),
• Those who did not attend training regularly.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Healthy Control Group
Young swimmers group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Scapular Kinematic	3D scapular kinematics were evaluated at 0°, 30º, 60º, 90º, and 120º with the electromagnetic tracking system during bilateral arm elevation and lowering on the scapular plane. The differences in the scapular kinematics of the dominant and the non-dominant side in both groups were analyzed with 2 by 8 Mixed Model ANOVA.	one year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hacettepe University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 12, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): March 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 14, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 14, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): December 22, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 23, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 21, 2022
• Last Verified: December 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: scapula; kinematic; swimmers; motion asymmetries; three dimensional
• Other Study ID Numbers: GO20/240

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No