Impact of a Predictive Model on Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Initially Lymph Node-positive, HER2-positive Breast Cancer

Application of a Predictive Model on Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Initially Lymph Node-positive, HER2-positive Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy: a Multicenter Retrospective Study

The aim of the study was to develop and validate a nomogram to assess axillary pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with initially lymph node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer and test its performance in guiding patient selection for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) following neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Breast Cancer; Sentinel Lymph Node
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Test cohort

Detailed Description

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital (n = 386) as the training cohort and those from Fujian Cancer Hospital, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, and No. 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistic Support Force (n = 211) as an external validation cohort from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2022. Additionally, 119 patients were enrolled as the test cohort to assess the predictive power of the model from May 1, 2022, to May 31, 2023.The inclusion criteria included: 1) histologically proven primary breast cancer without distant metastatic lesions, 2) HER2-positive status (defined as immunohistochemistry (IHC) of 3+ overexpression or 2+ expression, and a ratio of ≥ 2.0 by fluorescence in situ hybridization), 3) initial axillary lymph node-positive status confirmed using core- or fine-needle biopsy before NST, 4) a full course of standard neoadjuvant therapy before surgery, and 5) complete clinicopathological characteristics and treatment information. The study was approved by ethics committee of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. All patients in the training and validation cohorts underwent mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery, radiation, and ALND surgery after completing NST. All patients in the additional independent cohort underwent SLNB followed by ALND, which detected at least 2 SLNs using methylene blue dye alone. SLNs were defined as blue-stained lymph nodes guided directly by blue-stained lymphatic vessels. Methylene blue dye was injected alone at peritumoral or subareolar sites 5-15 min before SLNB. After constructing the nomogram for predicting axillary pCR with the independent predictive factors, the investigators quantified the predictive performance of the model using the AUC of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Calibration plots with bootstrapping and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to illustrate the calibration power of the model, with p > 0.05 indicating a good fit.20 The clinical utility of the model in guiding surgical options was evaluated using decision curve analysis by plotting net benefits.21 Internal validation was estimated using the bootstrap method. The investigators validated the nomogram using an external validation cohort from the other institutions. Following the Youden index, the investigators selected an optimal cutoff probability of predicting axillary pCR as a stratification criterion for identifying patients who underwent SLNB surgery after NST. The investigators additionally examined 119 patients who underwent SLNB with ≥ 2 SLNs removed, followed by ALND, as an independent cohort to evaluate the effect of the nomogram on identifying patients accurately. FNRs of SLNB were compared using two different strategies: performing SLNB in all patients without any selection criteria and performing SLNB in patients selected by the nomogram with the cutoff probability of axillary pCR. These results were compared with those of the two previous tests.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 716

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Fujian
    • Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350001
      • Chuan Wang

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The investigators retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 597 patients at four institutions from April 1, 2012, to May 30, 2022. Patients from institution 1 (n = 386) served as the training cohort, whereas those from the other institutions (n = 211) served as an external validation cohort. A test cohort (n=119) who accepted SLNB followed ALND was collected to assess the predictive power of the model ，from June 1,2022 to We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital (n = 386) as the training cohort and those from Fujian Cancer Hospital, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, and No. 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistic Support Force (n = 211) as an external validation cohort from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2022. Additionally, 119 patients were enrolled as the test cohort to assess the predictive power of the model from May 1, 2022, to May 31, 2023.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• histologically proven primary breast cancer without distant metastatic lesions,
• HER2-positive status (defined as immunohistochemistry (IHC) of 3+ overexpression or 2+ expression, and a ratio of ≥ 2.0 by fluorescence in situ hybridization),
• initial axillary lymph node-positive status confirmed using core- or fine-needle biopsy before NST,
• a full course of standard neoadjuvant therapy before surgery
• complete clinicopathological characteristics and treatment information.

Exclusion Criteria:

• do not plan or are unable to operate;
• with distant metastasis
• do not accept full cycles or standard neoadjuvant systemic therapy
• loss of clinicopathological characteristics and treatment information.
• with serious cardiopulmonary diseases, uncontrolled infectious diseases and other non-tumor related diseases who could not tolerate comprehensive treatment such as surgery and chemotherapy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Training cohort; Patients (n=386) who accepted neoadjuvant systemic therapy followed surgery were from fujian medical university union hospital from April 1, 2012, to May 30, 2022.
External validation cohort; Patients (n=211) who accepted neoadjuvant systemic therapy followed surgery were from Fujian Cancer Hospital, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and No. 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistic Support Force from April 1, 2012, to May 30, 2022.
Test cohort; Patients (n=119) who accepted sentinel lymph node biopsy followed axillary lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant systemic therapy was retrospectively collected from June 1,2022 to May 31, 2023.	Procedure: Test cohort

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Axillary pCR	the percent of patients who achieved axillary pathological complete response after NST.	10 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
the False Negative Rate of SLNB	the percent of patients with residual lymph node disease were not identified.	12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: China Fujian, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 31, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): May 31, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 4, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 25, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): November 29, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 13, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 6, 2023
• Last Verified: December 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: NSFFP-2023Y0020

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No