Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Soccer Players: (PAPEsoccer)

March 8, 2025 updated by: Neslihan AKÇAY, Karabuk University

Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Soccer Players: the Effect of Different Contraction and Rest Periods on Changing Direction Ability

This study will be conducted in a randomised, crossover design. Soccer players will participate in two test sessions 48 hours apart. The athletes will be pre-tested in the professional direction change test and after the PAPE protocol of the group they are included in is applied, they will be taken to the professional direction change test at 15th second, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th minutes.

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study will be conducted in a randomised, crossover design. Subjects will participate in two test sessions 48 hours apart. To eliminate the effect of fatigue, participants will be warned not to engage in intense physical activity before the study days and to pay attention to adequate carbohydrate intake so that repeated sprint performance will not be affected. On the 1st day of the study, after the participants were informed about the study, their heights will be recorded with a height meter, and their weights and body fat percentages will be taken with the Inbody 270 device. After the descriptive characteristics of all participants are obtained, the warm-up protocol will be applied and 1 RM will be determined and recorded by performing knee extension movement on the Knee Extension device. On the second day of the study, all athletes will be pre-tested in the professional change of direction test and will be taken to the professional change of direction test at 15 seconds, 3 minutes, 6 minutes, 9 minutes and 12 minutes after the PAPE protocol of the group they are included in is applied. On the third day of the study, the pre-tests of all athletes in the professional direction change test will be taken again and they will be taken to the professional direction change test at 15 seconds, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th minutes after the PAPE protocol of the group they are included in is applied. Participants will be asked to stop eating 1.5 hours before the measurement time. Athletes will be allowed to drink water (500ml) during the test and will be verbally motivated during the professional change of direction test.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

25

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Karabük, Turkey, 78200
        • Karabuk University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being healthy
  • Male soccer players
  • Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Under 18 years of age
  • Having a chronic disease
  • Contraindications for exercise

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Dynamic PAPE
In this protocol, the load determined for footballers during knee extension will be applied as 90% of their one repetition maximum (1TM). After the standard warm-up session at the beginning, the protocol will be performed by performing 1 set of 3 repetitions with the previously determined 1TM 90% load without resting between repetitions.
Other: Dynamic PAPE
In this protocol, the load determined for footballers during knee extension will be applied as 90% of their one repetition maximum (1TM). After a standard warm-up session at the beginning, the protocol will be performed by performing 1 set of 3 repetitions with the previously determined 1TM 90% load without resting between repetitions. Isometric knee extension exercise will be used in the protocol. The movement will be performed sitting, in a position suitable for limb lengths and in a controlled manner using a leg extension machine. At the beginning of the movement, the knees will be flexed 90° and the adjustable lever arm of the machine will be fixed at this angle. Then they will be asked to perform bilateral isometric knee extension until the knees form a 180° angle. They will also be verbally motivated to complete the knee extension exercise.
Experimental: Isometric PAPE
Isometric contraction will be used in the protocol. On the leg extension machine, the protocol will be performed by applying 3 sets of 3 seconds against only the lever arm with 1TM 90% load, 2 minutes rest will be applied between sets.
Other: Isometric PAPE
Isometric contraction will be used in the protocol. On the leg extension machine, the protocol will be performed by applying 3 sets of 3 seconds against the lever arm only with 1TM 90% load, 2 minutes rest will be applied between sets. Isometric knee extension exercise will be used in the protocol. The movement will be performed sitting, in a position suitable for limb lengths and in a controlled manner using a leg extension machine. At the beginning of the movement, the knees will be flexed 90° and the adjustable lever arm of the machine will be fixed at this angle. Then they will be asked to perform bilateral isometric knee extension until the knees form a 180° angle. They will also be verbally motivated to complete the knee extension exercise.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Significant difference in dynamic condition
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks
It is expected that there will be a significant difference in the rate of change of direction during different rest periods in the dynamic contraction condition compared to the isometric contraction condition
From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks
Significant difference in isometric condition
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks
It is expected that there would be a significant difference in the rate of direction change during different rest periods in the isometric contraction condition compared to the dynamic contraction condition.
From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks
The time between the conditions is different
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks.
Compared to the first measurement, a change in the rate of directional change in conditions is expected.
From baseline to the end of measurement at 1 weeks.

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Anthropometric Measurements 3
Time Frame: Baseline
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) will asses by Inbody 270 (Biospace, California, USA).
Baseline
Anthropometric Measurements 4
Time Frame: Baseline
Body fat percentage (%) will asses by Inbody 270 (Biospace, California, USA).
Baseline
Anthropometric Measurements 1
Time Frame: Baseline
Participants' height (cm) will assess by using a stadiometer (Holtain Stadiometer, England)
Baseline
Anthropometric Measurements 2
Time Frame: Baseline
Body weight (kg) will asses by Inbody 270 (Biospace, California, USA).
Baseline
Knee Extension 1Repetition maximum Test
Time Frame: Baseline
The 1RM of the soccer players will be performed on the leg extension device. The warm-up will be followed by a standard warm-up set of five repetitions with 50% of their estimated 1RM. Following this, participants will complete a preparation phase of 1-2 sets of 2-3 repetitions with a load corresponding to approximately 60-80% of their estimated 1RM.
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Karabuk University

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Neslihan Akçay, Karabuk University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 20, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

April 15, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

April 25, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 8, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 8, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 8, 2025

Last Verified

March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • UKarabuk-3

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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