Integration of VR and AR Dementia Prevention Health Education Progrom for Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment

February 18, 2026 updated by: National Taiwan Normal University

Integration of VR, AR, AI and Wearable Technology to Develop Innovative Health Education and Monitoring Systems on Symptom Management, Situational Reaction, Learinging Process and Physical and Psychological Health of Early Dementia

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR)-based cognitive health education for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Taiwan. The study aims to assess whether VR-supported interventions improve cognitive health knowledge, health literacy, and self-management skills among participants.

The primary research questions are:

  1. Does the VR-based intervention enhance participants' knowledge related to dementia and their health literacy?
  2. Does the VR-based intervention improve cognitive function, mental well-being, and self-efficacy compared to a control group?

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups:

  1. Intervention group: This group will receive the "VR Dementia Prevention Health Education Module," an immersive virtual reality program designed to enhance dementia-related knowledge and coping strategies.
  2. Control group: This group will receive standard, routine health education without VR exposure.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality (VR)-based cognitive health education program for older adults in Taiwan who show signs of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The research seeks to determine whether VR-enhanced dementia prevention education increases dementia-related knowledge, health literacy, self-efficacy, and acceptance of dementia compared to a control group receiving standard health education without VR exposure and intervention.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

139

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Taiwan
      • Taipei, Taiwan
        • National Taiwan Normal University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 65 years and older.
  • AD-8 score of 2 or higher, indicating possible cognitive impairment.
  • Ability to understand and follow basic instructions in Mandarin or Taiwanese.
  • Capacity to provide informed consent or have a legally authorized representative to provide consent.
  • Ability to tolerate and interact with VR equipment (e.g., wearing a VR headset, using hand controllers).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed with moderate to severe dementia (i.e., unable to follow basic instructions).
  • Presence of severe visual, auditory, or motor impairments that hinder interaction with VR devices.
  • Diagnosed with severe psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, major depressive disorder).
  • Unable to communicate effectively in Mandarin or Taiwanese.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental Group (VR Dementia Prevention Education)
Participants in this arm will take part in the VR Dementia Prevention Health Education Module, an immersive virtual reality (VR) intervention aimed at enhancing dementia-related knowledge, health literacy, self-efficacy, and attitudes toward dementia. The intervention combines 360-degree panoramic VR technology with interactive educational content to create a realistic and engaging learning experience for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Behavioral: VR Dementia Prevention Health Education Module
A virtual reality (VR) cognitive health education program designed to enhance knowledge related to dementia, improve health literacy, boost self-efficacy, and shape attitudes towards dementia. Participants engage with 360-degree immersive VR modules using VR headsets that simulate real-world scenarios related to dementia. The intervention comprises five interactive VR sessions, each addressing important topics in dementia prevention and management. Trained research staff will guide participants to ensure safe and effective interaction with the VR system.
No Intervention: Control Group (No Intervention)
Participants in this arm will not receive any active intervention during the study. They will continue with their usual daily routine, without exposure to VR-based health education or any structured dementia-related educational programs. This group serves as a comparison to evaluate the effects of the VR Dementia Prevention Health Education Module administered to the experimental group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Dementia-Related Knowledge
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects)
Dementia-related knowledge will be assessed using the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS), a validated tool for evaluating comprehensive understanding of dementia. The DKAS includes 25 true/false items and provides an additional "Don't Know" response option to reduce guessing.
Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects)
Change in Health Literacy
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects)
Health literacy concerning dementia prevention will be evaluated using the Dementia Health Literacy Scale (DHLS). The DHLS includes 20 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). This scale features three subdomains: Functional Health Literacy (8 items) - Evaluates the ability to manage dementia-related information for daily needs; Communicative Health Literacy (5 items) - Assesses skills in accessing, understanding, and applying dementia-related health information during interactions; and Critical Health Literacy (7 items) - Gauges higher-order cognitive skills and the ability to critically analyze dementia-related health information.
Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Self-Efficacy Related to Dementia Prevention
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects)
Self-efficacy will be assessed using the Dementia-Related Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES), which has been adapted from existing self-efficacy measures and validated through expert review and pilot testing. The scale comprises 6 items, rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree).
Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects)
Change in Attitudes Toward Dementia
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects)

Attitudes toward dementia will be evaluated using the Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS), which has been adapted from the Attitudes Toward Dementia Scale (ATDS) and refined through expert review and pilot testing.

The scale is made up of 10 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 means "strongly disagree" and 5 means "strongly agree."
Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

National Taiwan Normal University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 30, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 8, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

August 10, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 11, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 15, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

March 21, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 19, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 18, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 202212HM033

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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