Effect of Baseline Cortisol Level on Lipid Peroxidation Products in Young Female Swimmers

Research group: twenty-four and homogeneous female swimmers, who train swimming intensively and attend the Sports Championship School Complex. In this cohort, baseline serum cortisol levels were considered, and the athletes were divided into two groups: 1) Serum cortisol <230 (normal): n=14 2) Serum cortisol >230 ng/ml (high): n=10

In this study, the athletes were subjected to intensive swimming tests in breaststroke crawl (800m + 200m + 50m) with 15 minutes of active rest between test sections in the water.

Blood samples took from the cubital vein at three time points: before stress test (pre-exercise), one minute after the end of the test (post-exercise), and after a 3-hour recovery period (3h recovery). Measurements morphology, 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 8-isoprostane, cortysol levels were determined using ELISA kits.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Stress Oxidative

Detailed Description

The data of 24 trained female from the Sports Championship School Complex. All athletes presented as medically fit, with no underlying health problems. In this cohort, baseline serum cortisol levels were considered, and the athletes were divided into two groups: 1) Serum cortisol <230 (normal): n=14 2) Serum cortisol >230 ng/ml (high): n=10 In this study, the athletes were subjected to intensive swimming tests in breaststroke crawl (800m + 200m + 50m) with 15 minutes of active rest in the water. Blood samples took from the cubital vein at three time points: before stress test (pre-exercise), one minute after the end of the test (post-exercise), and after a 1-hour recovery period (3h recovery).

Measurement: All determined parameters were measured with the available equipment in the ZWKF laboratory in Gorzów Wielkopolski and using commercial assay kits. Measurements were performed by the project contractors.

1. Polyethylene tubes (2.7ml) containing dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTAK2) anticoagulant were used for the following tests: (a) complete blood count (7 parameters) determined on the MYTHIC 18 hematology analyzer (Orphee Medical, Geneva, Switzerland). Red blood cell indices: RBC (Red Blood Cells), HGB (Hemoglobin), HCT (Hematocrit), MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin), MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration), RDW (Red Blood cells Distribution Width). (b) a manual blood smear was made by placing a drop of blood on a slide and then spreading it with a uniform motion. After drying, it was colored by the May Grunwald-Giemsa method according to the procedure. The stained and fixed smear after drying was viewed under a microscope for quantitative and qualitative assessment.
2. Polyethylene clotting activator tubes (9 ml) were centrifuged to separate the morphotic elements from the serum using a centrifuge (3000 rpm for 10 min). The serum was pipetted into several Eppendorf tubes, which then was frozen (temp. -80 °C). All the following biochemical parameters were determined from the extracted serum: (a) using the ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions. The designations include the flowing parameters:

4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 8-isoprostane, cortysol. (3) The lactate (La) concentration was determined from the capillary blood immediately after collection using a commercially available kit (Dr. Lange, Germany).

The athletes' diets were completely analyzed before each exercise test by a nutritionist. Participants, with the help of a dietician who was available during meals on test days, filled out food diaries. The amount of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fats and fiber were then analyzed using a commercially available program.

The experiment was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Medical University of Poznan

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 24

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Poland
  • Poznań, Poland, 61-871
    • Poznań University of Physical Education

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Swimmers attending the Sports Championship School Complex

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• valid medical examination,
• consent of the legal guardian of the underage athlete to participate in the study,
• Training experience a minimum of three years
• Student of a sports championship school team,
• ompletion of the exercise test in the swimming pool - crawl style intensive test (800 m + 200 m + 50 m) on two test deadline

Exclusion Criteria:

• antibiotic therapy,
• supplementation, use of any drugs or oral hormonal contraceptives
• health problems within the last months

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes from baseline in 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) level.	Concentration of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) [pg/ml]. ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions	At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 3-hour recovery period.
Changes from baseline in 8-isoprostane level.	Concentration of 8-isoprostane [ng/mL]. ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions	At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 3-hour recovery period.
Changes from baseline in Cortysol level.	Concentration of cortysol [ng/mL]. ELISA method by the test manufacturer's instructions	At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 3-hour recovery period.
a manual blood smear	was made by placing a drop of blood on a slide and then spreading it with a uniform motion. After drying, it was colored by the May Grunwald-Giemsa method according to the procedure. The stained and fixed smear after drying was viewed under a microscope for quantitative and qualitative assessment.	At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 3-hour recovery period.
complete blood count	erythrocytes: RBC [10^6/mL], HGB [g/dL], HCT [%], MCV [mm^3], MCH [pg], MCHC [g/dL], RDW [%].	At rest (before the test), directly after the test, and after a 3-hour recovery period.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Antropometric characteristic - height	Prior to the exercise test, the investigator measured the anthropometric parameters, including height (Seca 213 Hamburg, Deutschland) [cm]	Day 1 after overall fast
Antropometric characteristic - weight	Prior to the exercise test, the investigator measured the anthropometric parameters, including weight (Tanita BC 418 MA, Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) [kg]	Day 1 after overall fast
Food record - energy	Participants prepared a food record. The results were calculated using the dietetykpro program: energy [kcal]	Day before the Day 1, in the morning at Day 1
Food record - protein	Participants prepared a food record. The results were calculated using the dietetykpro program: protein [kcal]	Day before the Day 1, in the morning at Day 1
Food record - carobhydrates	Participants prepared a food record.The results were calculated using the dietetykpro program: carobhydrates [kcal]	Day before the Day 1, in the morning at Day 1
Food record - fiber	Participants prepared a food record. The results were calculated using the dietetykpro program: fiber [kcal]	Day before the Day 1, in the morning at Day 1
Food record - fat	Participants prepared a food record. The results were calculated using the dietetykpro program: fat [kcal]	Day before the Day 1, in the morning at Day 1

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Poznan University of Physical Education

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 28, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): December 28, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 19, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 19, 2025
• First Posted (Estimated): March 26, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): March 26, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 19, 2025
• Last Verified: March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: SWIMMER- 2024

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No