Clinical Study of Anti-CD19/BCMA Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (UCAR-T) in the Treatment of Refractory Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN)

A single arm, open-label pilot study is designed to determine the safety and effectiveness of anti-CD19/BCMA Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (UCAR-T) in the Treatment of Refractory Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN)

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Refractory Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: CD19/BCMA-Targeted Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (UCAR-T) infusing

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 18
• Phase: Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Qiang He; Phone Number: +86-13588870088; Email: strong_he@163.com

Study Locations

• China
  • Zhejiang
    • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
      • The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
      • Contact: Qiang He, Dr; Phone Number: +86-13588870088; Email: strong_he@163.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged 18 to 75 years inclusive, either gender;

2. Adequate function of major organs as defined below:

   1. Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.0 × 10⁹/L, hemoglobin ≥ 60 g/L, platelet count ≥ 50 × 10⁹/L;
   2. Hepatic function: ALT ≤ 3 × ULN; AST ≤ 3 × ULN; total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ 1.5 × ULN;
   3. Coagulation function: international normalized ratio (INR) ≤ 1.5 × ULN, prothrombin time (PT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN;
   4. Cardiac function: hemodynamically stable, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%;
3. Female subjects of childbearing potential and male subjects whose partners are women of childbearing potential must use a medically acceptable contraceptive method or practice abstinence during study treatment and for at least 6 months after the end of treatment.Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum HCG test within 7 days prior to enrollment and must not be breastfeeding;
4. Voluntarily agree to participate in this clinical study, provide written informed consent, demonstrate good compliance, and be willing to comply with follow-up procedures;
5. Diagnosis of primary membranous nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsy pathology;

6. Meet the clinical criteria for high-risk or relapsed/refractory membranous nephropathy, defined as:

   High-risk patients meeting any of the following:

   1. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, CKD-EPI equation) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m², and/or urinary protein > 8 g/day for ≥ 6 months;
   2. Normal eGFR, urinary protein > 3.5 g/day despite ACEI/ARB treatment for 6 months with < 50% reduction in proteinuria, plus serum albumin < 25 g/L or anti-PLA2R antibody (aPLA2R) > 50 RU/mL; Refractory membranous nephropathy: inadequate response or resistance to prior immunosuppressive therapy (including corticosteroids and/or cytotoxic agents, immunosuppressants and/or biologics), defined as persistent urinary protein ≥ 3.5 g/day with < 50% reduction from baseline; Relapsed membranous nephropathy: recurrence (24-hour urinary protein ≥ 3.5 g) after achieving complete or partial remission (CR/PR) following treatment;
7. For relapsed/refractory membranous nephropathy patients during screening: eGFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m².

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects with known allergic reaction, hypersensitivity, intolerance, or contraindication to CD19/BCMA universal CAR-T or any components of the study drugs (including fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and tocilizumab), or a history of severe allergic reaction in the past.
2. Presence or suspicion of uncontrolled or treatable fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infections.
3. Central nervous system diseases caused by autoimmune or non-autoimmune diseases (including epilepsy, psychosis, organic brain syndrome, cerebrovascular accident, encephalitis, central nervous system vasculitis).
4. Subjects with severe cardiac diseases, such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, etc.
5. Subjects with congenital immunoglobulin deficiency.
6. Subjects with other malignant tumors (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer and carcinoma in situ of the cervix, bladder, or breast with disease-free survival > 5 years).
7. Subjects with end-stage renal failure.
8. Subjects positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) with HBV DNA titer above the upper limit of detection; subjects positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and HCV RNA; subjects positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody; subjects with positive syphilis test.
9. Subjects with psychiatric disorders and severe cognitive impairment.
10. Subjects who participated in other clinical trials within 6 months prior to enrollment.
11. Pregnant or lactating females, or females intending to become pregnant during the study.
12. Subjects with hypertension or diabetes mellitus that cannot be controlled by medication.
13. Subjects for whom the investigator considers there are other reasons for ineligibility.
14. Secondary membranous nephropathy (e.g., associated with hepatitis B, systemic lupus erythematosus, drug-related, malignancy-related, etc.), or concurrent renal disease confirmed by renal biopsy.
15. Type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: KN3601; Patients will receive Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide on day-5, -4, and -3. Single dose of anti-CD19/BCMA Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (KN3601) will infused using dose-escalation strategy.	Drug: CD19/BCMA-Targeted Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (UCAR-T) infusing; Patients will receive Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide on day-5, -4, and -3. Single dose of CD19/BCMA-Targeted Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (KN3601) will infused using dose-escalation strategy.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Incidence of Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT)	To characterize the safety of anti-CD19/BCMA U CAR T Cells (KN3601) for patients with Refractory Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy	up to 24 months after infusion
The overall response rate (ORR)	To characterize the efficacy of anti-CD19/BCMA U CAR T Cells (KN3601) for patients with Refractory Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy	up to 24 months after infusion

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): February 28, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): February 28, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): September 28, 2029

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 14, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 14, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): February 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 20, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 14, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Urogenital Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Kidney Diseases; Urologic Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Autoimmune Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Glomerulonephritis; Nephritis; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2026-KLS-021-02

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No