ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback in Nursing Students
August 15, 2026 updated by: Devrim Özge YILMAZ, Izmir Katip Celebi University
Effects of ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback on Nursing Students' Clinical Reasoning and Self-Regulated Learning
This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effects of ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback on nursing students' metacognitive awareness and self-regulated learning during clinical nursing practice.
A total of 140 fourth-year nursing students will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention group or a control group.
Students in the intervention group will receive structured ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback based on reflective learning prompts, while students in the control group will continue routine clinical education and receive traditional verbal and written feedback from clinical instructors.
Data will be collected before and after the intervention using a demographic information form, the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, and the Self-Regulated Learning Scale in Clinical Nursing Practice.
The study is designed as a pretest-posttest parallel-group randomized controlled trial.
Study Overview
Status
Not yet recruiting
Study Type
Interventional
Enrollment (Estimated)
106
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.
Study Contact
- Name: Devrim Ö YILMAZ
- Phone Number: +09525593303
- Email: devrimozgeyilmaz@gmail.com
Participation Criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 18 years or older
- Being a fourth-year nursing student at Ege University Faculty of Nursing during the 2025-2026 academic year
- Actively participating in clinical practice during the study period
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing informed consent
- Agreeing to participate in the ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback process if assigned to the intervention group
Exclusion Criteria:
- Withdrawing from the study at any time
- Incomplete or incorrectly completed pretest or posttest assessments
- Failure to participate regularly in the intervention process, including failure to complete the learning plan and reflective evaluations in the intervention group
- Having a serious health, psychological, or cognitive condition that may affect clinical practice or learning behaviors, based on self-report
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Other
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback
Participants in this arm will receive ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback during clinical nursing practice.
Students will prepare brief reflective texts about their learning processes, and these reflections will be evaluated through a structured metacognitive feedback framework using ChatGPT.
The feedback will focus on planning, monitoring, and evaluating learning strategies and will not provide clinical decisions, treatment recommendations, or judgments about the correctness of patient care.
|
Participants assigned to the experimental group will receive ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback during clinical nursing practice for up to six weeks.
Students will prepare structured reflective texts focusing on their learning goals, strategies, monitoring, and self-evaluation.
These reflections will be processed using a researcher-developed metacognitive feedback framework with ChatGPT.
ChatGPT will generate metacognitive and Socratic prompts intended to support students' awareness and regulation of their learning processes.
No patient-identifying information will be entered into ChatGPT, and ChatGPT will not provide clinical decisions, treatment recommendations, or judgments regarding the correctness of patient care.
|
|
Active Comparator: Routine Clinical Education
Participants in this arm will continue routine clinical nursing education.
They will prepare patient education plans as part of their usual clinical practice and will receive traditional verbal and written feedback from clinical instructors and faculty members.
No ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback will be provided during the study period.
|
Participants assigned to the control group will continue routine clinical nursing education during the study period.
Students will participate in their usual clinical practice and prepare patient education plans as part of their standard educational activities.
They will receive traditional verbal and written feedback from clinical instructors and faculty members.
No ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback will be provided to the control group during the intervention period.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Metacognitive Awareness
Time Frame: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
|
Metacognitive awareness will be assessed using the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory.
The inventory evaluates metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation.
Higher scores indicate higher levels of metacognitive awareness.
Changes in scores from baseline to post-intervention will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
|
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
|
|
Change in Self-Regulated Learning in Clinical Nursing Practice
Time Frame: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
|
Self-regulated learning will be assessed using the Self-Regulated Learning Scale in Clinical Nursing Practice.
The 16-item scale includes motivation and learning strategies domains.
Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-regulated learning.
Changes in scores from baseline to post-intervention will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
|
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
|
Collaborators and Investigators
This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.
Sponsor
Study record dates
These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Estimated)
August 24, 2026
Primary Completion (Estimated)
October 1, 2026
Study Completion (Estimated)
October 1, 2026
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
August 12, 2026
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
August 12, 2026
First Posted (Actual)
August 17, 2026
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
August 18, 2026
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
August 15, 2026
Last Verified
August 1, 2026
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Other Study ID Numbers
- CGPT-MF-2026-01
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
NO
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
No
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.