The Effect of IoT-based Smart Exercises System in the Senior Adults: Resistance Band Training System

Smart Health Care and Innovative Technology Service Model Plan: Development of Innovative Health Promotion System for Senior Adults

Subjects are divided into two groups, (1) Control (Ctrl) and (2) Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in the Ctrl group are instructed to perform resistance band training twice weekly according to a paper-based exercise guide, whereas participants in the SE group are instructed to perform resistance band training twice weekly for 12 weeks using the Resistance Band Training System. The physical fitness tests and questionnaire of both groups are performed before and after the 12-week exercise program.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Older Adults
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Paper-based Resistance Band Exercise Guide; Device: Smart Elastic Band App

Detailed Description

Participants are divided into two groups: (1) the control (Ctrl) group and (2) the Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in both groups are instructed to perform resistance band training twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.

Participants in the Ctrl group perform resistance band training according to a paper-based exercise guide. Training completion is recorded by the participants using a paper checklist after each training session. The completed checklists are collected and reviewed by the research team at the end of the study to verify adherence to the prescribed exercise program.

Participants in the SE group perform resistance band training using the Resistance Band Training System. Training sessions and exercise completion are recorded by the system.

Physical fitness tests and questionnaires are administered to participants in both groups before and after the 12-week exercise program. Changes in physical fitness and questionnaire outcomes are evaluated between the two groups.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Li-Chieh Kuo, Ph. D.; Phone Number: 886-62353535 Ext. 5908; Email: jkkuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Chih-Chun Lin, Ph. D.; Phone Number: 886-62757575 Ext. 58420; Email: z9902026@email.ncku.edu.tw

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Taiwan
    • Tainan, Taiwan, Taiwan, 701
      • Recruiting
      • National Cheng Kung University
      • Contact: Li-Chieh Kuo, Ph. D.; Phone Number: 886-62353535 Ext. 5908; Email: jkkuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult over 50 years old
• No significant limb disability or joint deformation
• No history of cardiovascular disease
• Never lost balance due to dizziness in the past 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• limb disability or joint deformation
• history of cardiovascular disease
• lost balance due to dizziness in the past 12 months
• cognitive deficits

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control group; Participants in the Ctrl group are instructed to perform resistance band training twice weekly for 12 weeks according to a paper-based exercise guide, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.	Behavioral: Paper-based Resistance Band Exercise Guide; Participants in the Ctrl group are instructed to perform resistance band training twice weekly for 12 weeks according to a paper-based exercise guide, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.
Experimental: Smart Exercise group; Participants in the SE group perform resistance band training using the Resistance Band Training System twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.	Device: Smart Elastic Band App; Participants in the SE group perform resistance band training using the Resistance Band Training System twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes. Training sessions and exercise completion are recorded by the system.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Six-minute walk test	To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.	baseline
Six-minute walk test	To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.	after 12-week intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
SMI	Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis.	baseline
SMI	Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis.	after 12-week intervention
Back scratch	Back scratch: with one hand reaching over the shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance(cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.	baseline
Back scratch	Back scratch: with one hand reaching over the shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance(cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.	after 12-week intervention
Chair sit-&-reach test	From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance(cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.	baseline
Chair sit-&-reach test	From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance(cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.	after 12-week intervention
2-minute step test	2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.	baseline
2-minute step test	2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.	after 12-week intervention
8-foot up-&-go test	8-foot up-&-go test: number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.	baseline
8-foot up-&-go test	8-foot up-&-go test: number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.	after 12-week intervention
Single leg balance with eyes open test	Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.	baseline
Single leg balance with eyes open test	Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.	after 12-week intervention
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)	Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.	baseline
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Questionnaire for physical function and health status)	Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.	after 12-week intervention
SARC-F	The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia. The questionnaire contains five items, which are Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls. The scores range from 0 to 10, with 0 to 2 points for each component. Score equal to or greater than 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poor outcomes.	baseline
SARC-F	The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia. The questionnaire contains five items, which are Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls. The scores range from 0 to 10, with 0 to 2 points for each component. Score equal to or greater than 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poor outcomes.	after 12-week intervention
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)	EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333 (having extreme problems in all dimensions).	baseline
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)	EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333 (having extreme problems in all dimensions).	after 12-week intervention
Hand grip strength test	Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer	baseline
Hand grip strength test	Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer	after 12-week intervention
Extremity strength	Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer	baseline
Extremity strength	Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer	after 12-week intervention
BMI	Participant's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).	baseline
BMI	Participant's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).	after 12-week intervention
30 second chair stand test	Number of full stands that can be completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.	baseline
30 second chair stand test	Number of full stands that can be completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.	after 12-week intervention
Gait speed	Gait speed test is assessed by 4-meter walk test.	baseline
Gait speed	Gait speed test is assessed by 4-meter walk test.	after 12-week intervention
QUEST (Questionnaire for satisfaction)	The 8 items of the questionnaire included Dimensions, Weight, Ease in Adjusting, Safety and Security, Durability , Ease of Use, Comfortable, and Effectiveness. Each item employed a 5-point scale, with 1-point representing not satisfied at all, and 5-point representing very satisfied.Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology.	after 12-week intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
• Investigators: Study Director: Li-Chieh Kuo, Ph. D., National Cheng-Kung University Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 7, 2023
• Primary Completion (Estimated): August 31, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): August 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 14, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 14, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): August 19, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 19, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 14, 2026
• Last Verified: December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Older Adults; Physical Function; Smart Exercises System; Home-based Training
• Other Study ID Numbers: B-BR-106-072A

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be made available to other researchers. Data sharing is restricted by institutional policies and ethical considerations regarding participant privacy and confidentiality.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No