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The Effect of Multisensory Stimulation Administered Before Clinical Encounters at the Pediatric Surgery Outpatient Clinic on Children's Anxiety and Fear Levels and Parental Anxiety

17. srpna 2026 aktualizováno: Fulya Kos, Bilecik Seyh Edebali Universitesi

The Effect of Multisensory Stimulation Administered Before Clinical Encounters at the Pediatric Surgery Outpatient Clinic on Children's Anxiety and Fear Levels and Parental Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Study

Encounters with healthcare services during childhood, particularly surgical evaluation processes, are a significant source of stress for both children and their parents. The initial evaluation, physical examination, and the prospect of a possible procedure conducted in pediatric surgery outpatient clinics can lead to increased levels of anxiety and fear in children. This situation not only affects the child's current psychological state but also reduces their cooperation during the examination, makes collaboration with healthcare professionals more difficult, and can negatively impact the overall healthcare experience. Increased levels of anxiety and fear in children are not limited to emotional reactions alone; they also affect physiological and behavioral responses, thereby shaping the entire healthcare process. Similarly, parents may also experience significant situational anxiety due to uncertainty about their child's health status, the possibility of surgical intervention, and the responsibility for care. Parental anxiety is a significant factor that can influence children's levels of anxiety and fear and can indirectly shape the child's healthcare experience through parent-child interaction.

Přehled studie

Postavení

Zatím nenabíráme

Podmínky

Intervence / Léčba

Detailní popis

In recent years, there has been an interest in non-pharmacological interventions to address anxiety and fear levels in pediatric healthcare. Methods such as distraction techniques, digital applications, game solutions, and multisensory stimulation have proven effective in children's health experiences. Multisensory stimulation, particularly with materials containing content targeting the senses of sight, hearing, smell, and touch, is a holistic, non-pharmacological approach that helps reduce developmental stage problems, behavioral issues, pain, fear, and anxiety in children. In its basic mechanism, multisensory stimulation activates tactile, thermal, and emotional systems, providing multiple stimuli and diverting children's attention away from the stressor through simultaneous auditory stimuli. The resulting sensory integration and attention redirection effect can contribute to the improvement of anxiety and fear levels. Among multisensory stimulation applications are: Mother-baby communication, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding which activates sensory receptors and taste in the skin, the use of amniotic fluid or aromatic scents are included. In addition, practices such as making eye contact with the baby, speaking in a soft tone of voice, massaging, coordinating and using parental credit are among the components of multisensory stimulation. However, it is noted that this is largely focused on childbirth and that the clinical limits are restricted.

There is limited scientific evidence in the literature that multisensory stimulation may be effective in reducing pain and fear, especially after surgical procedures, in the days of birth. It is observed that the current centers, with multiple voice alerts, are quite limited in addressing the anxiety and fear at home before clinical encounters in pediatric surgery outpatient clinics, where most neonatal or pre-operative processes are evaluated, and the situational anxiety of individuals is addressed together with outbreaks. However, the outpatient setting has critical relationships as the first point of contact with the modern health system, and the anxiety, fear, and parental anxiety experienced at this stage significantly affect the child's subsequent health experiences and compliance with health services. Therefore, the emergence of effective, short-term, and non-pharmacological interventions in the pre-clinical encounter period will be of great importance. In line with this, these randomized controlled trials are planned to examine the effect of multiple sensory stimuli on the situational anxiety of individuals in pediatric surgery outpatient clinics, prior to clinical encounters, and in terms of anxiety and fear. The study results will contribute to supporting a low-level, effective, and effective intervention in pediatric surgery outpatient clinics. Furthermore, it will lay the groundwork for demonstrable practices that will strengthen this developmental, child and family-centered care approach and contribute to the widespread use of psychosocial support practices in pediatric health services.

Typ studie

Intervenční

Zápis (Odhadovaný)

80

Fáze

  • Nelze použít

Kontakty a umístění

Tato část poskytuje kontaktní údaje pro ty, kteří studii provádějí, a informace o tom, kde se tato studie provádí.

Studijní kontakt

Studijní místa

Kritéria účasti

Výzkumníci hledají lidi, kteří odpovídají určitému popisu, kterému se říká kritéria způsobilosti. Některé příklady těchto kritérií jsou celkový zdravotní stav osoby nebo předchozí léčba.

Kritéria způsobilosti

Věk způsobilý ke studiu

  • Dítě

Přijímá zdravé dobrovolníky

Ano

Popis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • For the children to be sampled, the inclusion criteria plan to involve children who:
  • Are aged between 5 and 10 years,
  • Are undergoing their first outpatient pediatric surgery evaluation,
  • Have no prior history of surgery, and Agree (along with their parents) to voluntarily participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • For the children to be sampled, the exclusion criteria plan to omit children who:
  • Are in unstable general condition or require emergency medical intervention,
  • Have intellectual disabilities, or Have visual or hearing impairments.

Studijní plán

Tato část poskytuje podrobnosti o studijním plánu, včetně toho, jak je studie navržena a co studie měří.

Jak je studie koncipována?

Detaily designu

  • Primární účel: Výzkum zdravotnických služeb
  • Přidělení: N/A
  • Intervenční model: Přiřazení jedné skupiny
  • Maskování: Žádné (otevřený štítek)

Zbraně a zásahy

Skupina účastníků / Arm
Intervence / Léčba
Experimentální: The Effect of Multisensory Stimulation on Pain and Anxiety in Children with Pediatric Surgery
Multisenzorická stimulace

Co je měření studie?

Primární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Children's Pre-procedural Anxiety Level
Časové okno: (Baseline / Pre-encounter
Children's Anxiety Scale - State Scale The CAS-S resembles a thermometer featuring a bulb at the bottom and horizontal lines spaced at intervals as they rise upwards. Designed for children aged four to ten, this scale instructs children to "Imagine that all your anxious or nervous feelings are in the bulb or lower part of the thermometer." "If you feel a little anxious or tense, your feelings may rise a little higher on the thermometer. "Put a line on the thermometer to show how anxious or nervous you are." It was discovered during the researchers' data collection process that some children were familiar with the typical mercury thermometer represented on the scale, and when children did not understand this analogy, they used an alternative scenario that did not explicitly describe a thermometer. Children are told, "Think of all the anxious or nervous feelings as being at the bottom here (point with your finger on the scale).
(Baseline / Pre-encounter

Sekundární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Children's Fear Level
Časové okno: Baseline / Pre-encounter
The Child Fear Scale (CFS), validated and proven reliable by Gerçeker et al. (2018), is used to measure a child's anxiety level. The CFS is a scale that evaluates children's anxiety levels using a 0-4 rating system, consisting of five drawn facial expressions ranging from a neutral expression (0=no anxiety) to a frightened face (4=severe anxiety). It can be used by families and researchers to assess pre-procedural and intra-procedural pain and anxiety in children and is aimed at children aged 5-10 years. The CFS is based on the Faces Anxiety Scale developed by McKinley et al. (2003) to measure the fear or anxiety of adults in the intensive care unit. It is a scale consisting of one item and five gender-neutral faces. The facial muscle changes in the fearful expressions were drawn by a graphic artist based on photographs of frightened faces. The scale will be administered to children as a pre-test and post-test.
Baseline / Pre-encounter

Další výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Parental State Anxiety Level
Časové okno: Baseline / Pre-encounter

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory A 10-item short version of the 40-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed by Zsido et al.

In the process of shortening the STAI, Zsido et al. (2020) first removed the reverse-scored items from the scale and then reduced these inventories to their short 5-item forms (STAIS-5 and STAIT-5) by performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), item response theory analysis, and ROC analysis to preserve the best discriminating items. The 4-point Likert-type scales consist of 5 items. The emotions and behaviors indicated in STAIS-5 are marked according to their degree of severity as 1 = None, 2 = Somewhat, 3 = Moderately, 4 = Very much; and the STAIT-5 items are marked as 1 = None, 2 = Sometimes, 3 = Moderately, 4 = Very much. Individuals scoring 10 or higher on STAIS-5 and 14 or higher on STAIT-5 are considered clinically anxious.

The Cronbach's alpha values for STAIS-5 and STAIT-5 were calculated as 0.86 and 0.91.

Baseline / Pre-encounter

Spolupracovníci a vyšetřovatelé

Zde najdete lidi a organizace zapojené do této studie.

Sponzor

Publikace a užitečné odkazy

Osoba odpovědná za zadávání informací o studiu tyto publikace poskytuje dobrovolně. Mohou se týkat čehokoli, co souvisí se studiem.

Obecné publikace

  • No publications resulting from this study are available at this time as the trial is currently ongoing.

Termíny studijních záznamů

Tato data sledují průběh záznamů studie a předkládání souhrnných výsledků na ClinicalTrials.gov. Záznamy ze studií a hlášené výsledky jsou před zveřejněním na veřejné webové stránce přezkoumány Národní lékařskou knihovnou (NLM), aby se ujistily, že splňují specifické standardy kontroly kvality.

Hlavní termíny studia

Začátek studia (Odhadovaný)

29. července 2026

Primární dokončení (Odhadovaný)

15. srpna 2026

Dokončení studie (Odhadovaný)

1. září 2026

Termíny zápisu do studia

První předloženo

10. srpna 2026

První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality

12. srpna 2026

První zveřejněno (Aktuální)

18. srpna 2026

Aktualizace studijních záznamů

Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace (Aktuální)

19. srpna 2026

Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality

17. srpna 2026

Naposledy ověřeno

1. srpna 2026

Více informací

Termíny související s touto studií

Další relevantní podmínky MeSH

Další identifikační čísla studie

  • Bilecik-BSEU3

Plán pro data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)

Plánujete sdílet data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)?

NE

Popis plánu IPD

Individual Participant Data (IPD) will not be made publicly available or shared for this study due to ethical considerations regarding participant confidentiality and the explicit terms of the informed consent protocol.

Specifically:

Informed Consent Constraints: The informed consent forms approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) / Ethics Committee and signed by the parents/guardians do not include permissions for raw, individual-level data sharing with external third parties or public repositories.

Privacy and Vulnerability: Given that the study population consists of pediatric patients undergoing clinical evaluations, raw IPD contains sensitive demographic and clinical details that could potentially compromise participant anonymity.

De-identified aggregate statistical data, protocol details, and final study findings will be made available through published peer-reviewed journal articles and clinical trial registries upon study completion.

Informace o lécích a zařízeních, studijní dokumenty

Studuje lékový produkt regulovaný americkým FDA

Ne

Studuje produkt zařízení regulovaný americkým úřadem FDA

Ne

Tyto informace byly beze změn načteny přímo z webu clinicaltrials.gov. Máte-li jakékoli požadavky na změnu, odstranění nebo aktualizaci podrobností studie, kontaktujte prosím register@clinicaltrials.gov. Jakmile bude změna implementována na clinicaltrials.gov, bude automaticky aktualizována i na našem webu .