Virtual Reality-Based Hypnotherapy for Pain, Sleep, and Mood in Spinal Cord Injury (HypnoVR-SCI)
The Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Hypnotherapy on Pain, Sleep, Depression, and Quality of Life in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether virtual reality (VR)-based hypnotherapy, added to conventional physiotherapy, improves pain, sleep, mood, and quality of life in adults with chronic spinal cord injury.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does VR-based hypnotherapy added to physiotherapy reduce pain intensity more than physiotherapy alone?
- Does it improve neuropathic pain, sleep quality, anxiety and depression, spasticity, and quality of life?
Researchers will compare participants who receive VR-based hypnotherapy in addition to physiotherapy with participants who receive physiotherapy alone.
Participants will:
- Receive a standard physiotherapy and rehabilitation program 5 days a week for 2 weeks (10 sessions).
- If assigned to the VR group, also receive an approximately 20-minute VR-based hypnotherapy session after each physiotherapy session, using a VR headset and headphones.
- Complete assessments at the start of the study, at the end of the 2-week treatment period, and 2 weeks after treatment ends.
Přehled studie
Postavení
Postavení
Podmínky
Podmínky
Intervence / Léčba
Intervence / Léčba
Detailní popis
Background and Rationale Pain is one of the most common and disabling consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI) and negatively affects functional status, sleep, emotional well-being, and quality of life. Pharmacological treatments are often insufficient or limited by side effects, and there is a need for safe, non-invasive, non-pharmacological adjunct therapies. Virtual reality (VR) may reduce pain through attentional redirection and immersion, while hypnotherapy may modulate pain perception through relaxation and cognitive reprocessing of pain. VR-based hypnotherapy combines these mechanisms and has shown short-term benefits in chronic musculoskeletal pain; however, its effects in individuals with SCI have not been investigated in a randomized controlled trial.
Study Design This is a prospective, randomized controlled, parallel-group, single-center, single-blind trial. A total of 40 patients with SCI will be enrolled. Participants will be allocated to two groups by computer-generated randomization: (1) intervention group, receiving VR-based hypnotherapy in addition to conventional physiotherapy; (2) control group, receiving conventional physiotherapy alone.
Interventions Both groups will receive a standard physiotherapy and rehabilitation program, 5 days per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions in total). Participants in the intervention group will additionally receive an approximately 20-minute VR-based hypnotherapy session following each physiotherapy session. Sessions will be delivered in a quiet clinical setting using a VR headset and headphones. The number of sessions completed and session duration will be recorded for each participant.
Baseline Data Sociodemographic characteristics, injury etiology and duration, comorbidities, complications, and current analgesic and antispastic medication use will be recorded. Neurological level and severity of injury will be classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale.
Blinding Outcome assessments will be performed by a trained assessor blinded to group allocation. Due to the nature of the intervention, participants and therapists cannot be blinded.
Assessment Time Points Assessments will be conducted at baseline (T0), at the end of the 2-week intervention (T1), and 2 weeks after the end of the intervention (T2).
Safety Adverse events, including VR-related symptoms such as dizziness or nausea, will be recorded throughout the intervention period.
Statistical Analysis Data will be analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics will be presented as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. Normality will be assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Between-group comparisons will be performed using the independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Changes over time will be analyzed using appropriate repeated-measures analyses. Statistical significance will be set at p<0.05.
Typ studie
Typ studie
Zápis (Odhadovaný)
Zápis
Fáze
Fáze
- Nelze použít
Kontakty a umístění
Studijní kontakt
Studijní kontakt
- Jméno: Selim Sezikli, MD
- Telefonní číslo: +90 506 510 18 33
- E-mail: selimsezikli@hotmail.com
Studijní místa
-
-
Istanbul
-
Istanbul, Istanbul, Turecko (Türkiye), 34180
- Nábor
- Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and research Hospital
-
Kontakt:
- Selim Sezikli, MD
- Telefonní číslo: +905065101833
- E-mail: selimsezikli@hotmail.com
-
-
Kritéria účasti
Kritéria způsobilosti
Kritéria způsobilosti
Věk způsobilý ke studiu
Přijímá zdravé dobrovolníky
Pohlaví způsobilá ke studiu
Popis
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age between 18 and 65 years
- Diagnosis of spinal cord injury
- Injury duration longer than 3 months
- Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score above 24
- Willingness to participate and provision of written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Injury duration shorter than 3 months
- Significant change in analgesic treatment within the last 3 months
- Visual or hearing impairment
- Epilepsy
- Severe psychiatric illness (psychosis, severe major depression, or bipolar disorder in the acute phase)
- Pregnancy
Studijní plán
Jak je studie koncipována?
Detaily designu
- Primární účel: Léčba
- Přidělení: Randomizované
- Intervenční model: Paralelní přiřazení
- Maskování: Singl
Počet zbraní
Zbraně a zásahy
Skupina účastníků / ArmSkupina účastníků / Arm |
Intervence / LéčbaIntervence / Léčba |
|---|---|
|
Experimentální: VR-Based Hypnotherapy + Conventional Physiotherapy
Participants will receive a standard physiotherapy and rehabilitation program 5 days per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions). In addition, following each physiotherapy session, they will receive an approximately 20-minute virtual reality (VR)-based hypnotherapy session delivered in a quiet clinical setting via a VR headset and headphones (10 VR sessions in total). |
An immersive, audio-guided hypnotherapy session delivered through a virtual reality headset and headphones, combining visual immersion with hypnotic induction, relaxation, and pain-modulating suggestions. Each session lasts approximately 20 minutes and is administered immediately after the physiotherapy session, 5 days per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions in total), in a quiet clinical setting.
Ostatní jména:
A standard physiotherapy and rehabilitation program for spinal cord injury, applied 5 days per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions in total), identical in both study arms. |
|
Aktivní komparátor: Conventional Physiotherapy
Participants will receive the same standard physiotherapy and rehabilitation program 5 days per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions), without VR-based hypnotherapy. |
A standard physiotherapy and rehabilitation program for spinal cord injury, applied 5 days per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions in total), identical in both study arms. |
Co je měření studie?
Primární výstupní opatření
Primární výstupní opatření
Měření výsledku |
Popis opatření |
Časové okno |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Pain Intensity (Numeric Rating Scale)
Časové okno: Baseline and end of the 2-week intervention (week 2)
|
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. The change from baseline to the end of the intervention will be compared between groups. |
Baseline and end of the 2-week intervention (week 2)
|
Sekundární výstupní opatření
Sekundární výstupní opatření
Měření výsledku |
Popis opatření |
Časové okno |
|---|---|---|
|
Pain Intensity at Follow-up (Numeric Rating Scale)
Časové okno: Baseline and 2 weeks after the end of the intervention (week 4)
|
Pain intensity will be assessed using the NRS (0-10). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. The persistence of the effect will be evaluated at follow-up. |
Baseline and 2 weeks after the end of the intervention (week 4)
|
|
Neuropathic Pain (DN4 Questionnaire)
Časové okno: Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
Neuropathic pain will be assessed using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire, with total scores ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate a greater likelihood and burden of neuropathic pain features. |
Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
|
Sleep Quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)
Časové okno: Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
Sleep quality will be assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with global scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality. |
Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
|
Anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale)
Časové okno: Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
Anxiety will be assessed using the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A), with scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms. |
Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
|
Depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression Subscale)
Časové okno: Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
Depression will be assessed using the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), with scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. |
Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
|
Spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale)
Časové okno: Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
Spasticity will be assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), graded as 0, 1, 1+, 2, 3, and 4. Higher grades indicate greater muscle tone. |
Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
|
Health-Related Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L)
Časové okno: Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the EQ-5D-5L, including the five-dimension index score and the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS, 0-100). Higher index and EQ-VAS scores indicate better health status. |
Baseline, week 2 (end of intervention), and week 4 (follow-up)
|
|
System Usability (System Usability Scale)
Časové okno: End of the 2-week intervention (week 2)
|
Usability of the VR-based hypnotherapy system will be assessed in the intervention group only using the System Usability Scale (SUS), with scores ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better usability. |
End of the 2-week intervention (week 2)
|
Spolupracovníci a vyšetřovatelé
Sponzor
Sponzor
Vyšetřovatelé
Vyšetřovatelé
- Vrchní vyšetřovatel: Selim Sezikli, MD, Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital
Publikace a užitečné odkazy
Obecné publikace
- Louras M, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Panda R, Rousseaux F, Carella M, Gosseries O, Bonhomme V, Faymonville ME, Bicego A. Virtual Reality Combined with Mind-Body Therapies for the Management of Pain: A Scoping Review. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2024 Oct-Dec;72(4):435-471. doi: 10.1080/00207144.2024.2391365. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
- Jones HG, Rizzo RRN, Pulling BW, Braithwaite FA, Grant AR, McAuley JH, Jensen MP, Moseley GL, Rees A, Stanton TR. Adjunctive use of hypnosis for clinical pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Rep. 2024 Sep 10;9(5):e1185. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000001185. eCollection 2024 Oct.
- Menekseoglu AK, Asik HK, Sahbaz T, Is EE. Mind over pain: VR-based hypnotherapy for chronic non-specific low back pain - a randomised controlled trial. Ir J Med Sci. 2026 Feb;195(1):177-185. doi: 10.1007/s11845-025-04158-1. Epub 2025 Nov 10.
Termíny studijních záznamů
Hlavní termíny studia
Začátek studia (Aktuální)
Začátek studia
Primární dokončení (Odhadovaný)
Primární dokončení
Dokončení studie (Odhadovaný)
Dokončení studie
Termíny zápisu do studia
První předloženo
První předloženo
První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality
První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality
První zveřejněno (Aktuální)
První zveřejněno
Aktualizace studijních záznamů
Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace (Aktuální)
Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace
Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality
Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality
Naposledy ověřeno
Naposledy ověřeno
Více informací
Termíny související s touto studií
Klíčová slova
Další relevantní podmínky MeSH
- Bolest
- Neurologické projevy
- Onemocnění centrálního nervového systému
- Nemoci nervového systému
- Duševní poruchy
- Rány a zranění
- Neuromuskulární onemocnění
- Symptomy chování
- Onemocnění periferního nervového systému
- Poruchy spánku a bdění
- Trauma, nervový systém
- Nemoci míchy
- Ochrnutí
- Patologické stavy, příznaky a symptomy
- Chování
- Příznaky a symptomy
- Úzkostné poruchy
- Parasomnie
- Chronická bolest
- Deprese
- Neuralgie
- Poranění míchy
- Kvadruplegie
- Paraplegie
Další identifikační čísla studie
Další identifikační čísla studie
- HypnoVR-SCI-2026
- 2024-BIAEK/23-28 (Jiný identifikátor: Biruni University Scientific Research Ethics Committee)
Plán pro data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)
Plánujete sdílet data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)?
Popis plánu IPD
De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in the publication will be shared upon reasonable request to the principal investigator.
Časový rámec sdílení IPD
Beginning 6 months after publication of the main results and ending 5 years after publication.
Kritéria přístupu pro sdílení IPD
Data will be shared with qualified researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal, following approval by the principal investigator and a signed data use agreement.
Typ podpůrných informací pro sdílení IPD
- PROTOKOL STUDY
Informace o lécích a zařízeních, studijní dokumenty
Studuje lékový produkt regulovaný americkým FDA
Studuje produkt zařízení regulovaný americkým úřadem FDA
Tyto informace byly beze změn načteny přímo z webu clinicaltrials.gov. Máte-li jakékoli požadavky na změnu, odstranění nebo aktualizaci podrobností studie, kontaktujte prosím register@clinicaltrials.gov. Jakmile bude změna implementována na clinicaltrials.gov, bude automaticky aktualizována i na našem webu .