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Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bone Healing in Maxillary and Mandibular Fractures

Impact of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma on Promoting Bone Regeneration in Maxillary and Mandibular Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if platelet-rich plasma (PRP) made from the patient's own blood helps broken jaw bones heal faster and stronger in adults with fractures of the upper jaw (maxilla) or lower jaw (mandible).

The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Does adding PRP during fracture surgery increase bone density at the fracture site at 6 months compared with surgery alone?
  • Is the effect of PRP on bone healing similar in upper jaw and lower jaw fractures?

Researchers will compare patients who receive standard fracture fixation with titanium plates plus PRP to patients who receive the same fixation without PRP, to see if PRP improves bone healing.

Participants will:

  • Give a small blood sample (12 ml) before surgery, from which PRP will be prepared (PRP group only)
  • Undergo surgery under general anaesthesia to fix the fracture with two titanium plates and screws
  • Take antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medicine for one week after surgery
  • Return for check-ups and a CBCT (3D dental X-ray) scan at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery to measure bone healing

Přehled studie

Postavení

Nábor

Podmínky

Intervence / Léčba

Detailní popis

Background and rationale:

Fractures of the maxilla and mandible are common in facial trauma and require rapid, reliable bone healing to restore chewing function and facial appearance. Conventional management with rigid internal fixation is effective, but delayed union and incomplete bone regeneration still occur. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Because it is prepared from the patient's own blood, PRP is biocompatible, low-cost, and carries minimal risk of immune reaction. Randomized trials have reported higher radiographic bone density and faster healing with PRP in mandibular fractures; however, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis found that available trials are limited almost entirely to the mandible and that pooled estimates are heterogeneous. Evidence on PRP in maxillary trauma is scarce, and no randomized trial has assessed PRP in both maxillary and mandibular fractures within the same cohort using a standardized CBCT-based protocol.

Study design and setting:

Single-centre, parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial at the Maxillofacial Center, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan.

Randomization and masking:

Eligible patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated randomization list, stratified by fracture site (maxilla or mandible). Allocation will be concealed in sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes opened in the operating theatre. The investigator measuring bone density on CBCT will be blinded to group allocation.

PRP preparation:

Twelve ml of venous blood will be drawn into sodium citrate tubes and processed at room temperature by double centrifugation: 1200 rpm for 20 minutes to separate plasma, then 2000 rpm for 15 minutes to concentrate platelets. The platelet-rich fraction will be retained and platelet-poor plasma discarded. Platelet count and smear will be performed to confirm concentration and morphology. Immediately before use, PRP will be activated with calcium chloride and bovine thrombin to form a platelet gel.

Surgical procedure:

All operations will be performed under general anaesthesia by the same surgical team. The fracture will be exposed through a vestibular incision, reduced manually, and fixed with two titanium miniplates and screws. In the PRP group, activated PRP gel will be applied along the fracture line before closure; the control group will receive identical fixation without PRP. Wounds will be closed with Vicryl sutures. All patients will receive antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medication for one week and intermittent cold packs for 24 hours.

Outcome assessment:

CBCT scans will be obtained at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Bone density will be measured in Hounsfield units within a 3 x 2.5 mm rectangular region of interest placed across the fracture line above the upper plate, using Planmeca software.

Sample size:

A sample of 40 patients (20 per group) was calculated with the OpenEpi calculator from the difference in mean bone density between PRP and control groups reported in a previous randomized trial using the same PRP technique and CBCT schedule (Daif, 2013), with a two-sided significance level of 5% and 80% power.

Statistical analysis:

Data will be analysed in SPSS and presented as mean and standard deviation. Bone density between groups at each time point will be compared with the independent-samples t-test, and change over time within each group with repeated-measures ANOVA. Maxillary and mandibular fractures will be analysed separately as a secondary, exploratory comparison. A p-value below 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Ethics:

The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants, and confidentiality of patient data will be maintained.

Typ studie

Intervenční

Zápis (Odhadovaný)

40

Fáze

  • Nelze použít

Kontakty a umístění

Tato část poskytuje kontaktní údaje pro ty, kteří studii provádějí, a informace o tom, kde se tato studie provádí.

Studijní kontakt

Studijní záloha kontaktů

  • Jméno: Asad A Chatha, BDS, FCPS

Studijní místa

      • Lahore, Pákistán
        • Dokončeno
        • CMH Lahore
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pákistán
        • Nábor
        • Institute of Dentistry; CMH Lahore Medical College
        • Kontakt:

Kritéria účasti

Výzkumníci hledají lidi, kteří odpovídají určitému popisu, kterému se říká kritéria způsobilosti. Některé příklady těchto kritérií jsou celkový zdravotní stav osoby nebo předchozí léčba.

Kritéria způsobilosti

Věk způsobilý ke studiu

18 let a starší (Dospělý, Starší dospělý)

Přijímá zdravé dobrovolníky

Ne

Pohlaví způsobilá ke studiu

Všechno

Popis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 years or older
  • Fracture of the maxilla or mandible confirmed by clinical examination and panoramic radiograph
  • Fracture requiring open reduction and internal fixation with titanium miniplates
  • Willing and able to provide written informed consent and to attend all follow-up visits up to 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
  • Bleeding or coagulation disorders (e.g., haemophilia, von Willebrand disease)
  • Platelet disorders or thrombocytopenia
  • Chronic renal failure
  • Hepatic disease
  • Active malignancy, or current chemotherapy or radiotherapy
  • Osteoporosis or other metabolic bone disease
  • Immunocompromised state (e.g., HIV/AIDS, long-term corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy)
  • Current use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication
  • Pregnancy or lactation
  • Multiple or pathological fractures
  • Refusal to provide informed consent

Studijní plán

Tato část poskytuje podrobnosti o studijním plánu, včetně toho, jak je studie navržena a co studie měří.

Jak je studie koncipována?

Detaily designu

  • Primární účel: Léčba
  • Přidělení: Randomizované
  • Intervenční model: Paralelní přiřazení
  • Maskování: Singl

Zbraně a zásahy

Skupina účastníků / Arm
Intervence / Léčba
Experimentální: PRP + Miniplate Fixation

Patients undergo open reduction and internal fixation of the maxillary or mandibular fracture under general anaesthesia with two titanium miniplates and screws. Autologous platelet-rich plasma is prepared from 12 ml of the patient's venous blood by double centrifugation, activated with calcium chloride and bovine thrombin, and applied as a gel along the fracture line before wound closure. Postoperatively, patients receive antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medication for one week.

Twelve ml of venous blood is collected into sodium citrate tubes and processed at room temperature by double centrifugation (1200 rpm for 20 minutes, then 2000 rpm for 15 minutes). The platelet-rich fraction is retained and platelet-poor plasma discarded; platelet count and smear are checked. Immediately before use, PRP is activated with calcium chloride and bovine thrombin to form a gel, which is applied once along the fracture line after fixation and before wound closure.

Aktivní komparátor: Miniplate Fixation Alone

Patients undergo open reduction and internal fixation of the maxillary or mandibular fracture under general anaesthesia with two titanium miniplates and screws, identical to the experimental arm, without application of platelet-rich plasma. Postoperatively, patients receive antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medication for one week.

Under general anaesthesia, the fracture is exposed through a vestibular incision, manually reduced, and fixed with two titanium miniplates and screws. The wound is closed with Vicryl sutures. All procedures are performed by the same surgical team.

Co je měření studie?

Primární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Bone Density at the Fracture Site
Časové okno: 6 months after surgery

Mean bone density in Hounsfield units (HU) measured on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) within a 3 x 2.5 mm rectangular region of interest placed across the fracture line above the upper miniplate, using Planmeca software. Measurements are made by an assessor blinded to group allocation. Higher values indicate greater bone mineralization.

6 months after surgery

Sekundární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Bone Density at the Fracture Site at Early and Intermediate Follow-up
Časové okno: 1 week and 3 months after surgery

Mean bone density in Hounsfield units measured on CBCT within a 3 x 2.5 mm region of interest across the fracture line above the upper miniplate, using the same method as the primary outcome.

1 week and 3 months after surgery
Bone Density by Fracture Site (Maxilla Versus Mandible)
Časové okno: 3 months and 6 months after surgery

Mean bone density in Hounsfield units on CBCT at the fracture site, analysed separately for maxillary and mandibular fractures within each group, to compare the effect of platelet-rich plasma between the two fracture sites.

3 months and 6 months after surgery

Spolupracovníci a vyšetřovatelé

Zde najdete lidi a organizace zapojené do této studie.

Sponzor

Vyšetřovatelé

  • Studijní židle: Asad A Chatha, BDS, FCPS, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry

Termíny studijních záznamů

Tato data sledují průběh záznamů studie a předkládání souhrnných výsledků na ClinicalTrials.gov. Záznamy ze studií a hlášené výsledky jsou před zveřejněním na veřejné webové stránce přezkoumány Národní lékařskou knihovnou (NLM), aby se ujistily, že splňují specifické standardy kontroly kvality.

Hlavní termíny studia

Začátek studia (Aktuální)

2. června 2026

Primární dokončení (Odhadovaný)

13. listopadu 2026

Dokončení studie (Odhadovaný)

11. prosince 2026

Termíny zápisu do studia

První předloženo

3. listopadu 2026

První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality

4. listopadu 2026

První zveřejněno (Aktuální)

10. listopadu 2026

Aktualizace studijních záznamů

Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace (Aktuální)

10. listopadu 2026

Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality

4. listopadu 2026

Naposledy ověřeno

1. listopadu 2026

Více informací

Termíny související s touto studií

Další identifikační čísla studie

  • 234/ERC/CMH/LMC

Plán pro data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)

Plánujete sdílet data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)?

NE

Informace o lécích a zařízeních, studijní dokumenty

Studuje lékový produkt regulovaný americkým FDA

Ne

Studuje produkt zařízení regulovaný americkým úřadem FDA

Ne

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