Protective CD8+ T-cell immunity to human malaria induced by chimpanzee adenovirus-MVA immunisation
Katie J Ewer, Geraldine A O'Hara, Christopher J A Duncan, Katharine A Collins, Susanne H Sheehy, Arturo Reyes-Sandoval, Anna L Goodman, Nick J Edwards, Sean C Elias, Fenella D Halstead, Rhea J Longley, Rosalind Rowland, Ian D Poulton, Simon J Draper, Andrew M Blagborough, Eleanor Berrie, Sarah Moyle, Nicola Williams, Loredana Siani, Antonella Folgori, Stefano Colloca, Robert E Sinden, Alison M Lawrie, Riccardo Cortese, Sarah C Gilbert, Alfredo Nicosia, Adrian V S Hill, Katie J Ewer, Geraldine A O'Hara, Christopher J A Duncan, Katharine A Collins, Susanne H Sheehy, Arturo Reyes-Sandoval, Anna L Goodman, Nick J Edwards, Sean C Elias, Fenella D Halstead, Rhea J Longley, Rosalind Rowland, Ian D Poulton, Simon J Draper, Andrew M Blagborough, Eleanor Berrie, Sarah Moyle, Nicola Williams, Loredana Siani, Antonella Folgori, Stefano Colloca, Robert E Sinden, Alison M Lawrie, Riccardo Cortese, Sarah C Gilbert, Alfredo Nicosia, Adrian V S Hill
Abstract
Induction of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells offers the prospect of immunization against many infectious diseases, but no subunit vaccine has induced CD8(+) T cells that correlate with efficacy in humans. Here we demonstrate that a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector followed by a modified vaccinia virus Ankara booster induces exceptionally high frequency T-cell responses (median >2400 SFC/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells) to the liver-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria antigen ME-TRAP. It induces sterile protective efficacy against heterologous strain sporozoites in three vaccinees (3/14, 21%), and delays time to patency through substantial reduction of liver-stage parasite burden in five more (5/14, 36%), P=0.008 compared with controls. The frequency of monofunctional interferon-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells, but not antibodies, correlates with sterile protection and delay in time to patency (P(corrected)=0.005). Vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells provide protection against human malaria, suggesting that a major limitation of previous vaccination approaches has been the insufficient magnitude of induced T cells.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00890760.
Conflict of interest statement
Sarah Gilbert, Arturo Reyes-Sandoval, Anna Goodman, Geraldine O'Hara and Adrian Hill are named inventors on patent applications covering malaria vectored vaccines and immunization regimes including: WO/2008/122811-Adenoviral vectors encoding a pathogen or tumour antigen and WO/2008/122769-Adenoviral vector encoding malaria antigen. Authors from Okairos are employees of and/or share holders in Okairos which is developing vectored malaria vaccines. All other authors declare no competing financial interests.
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References
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