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Normative Hand Grip Strength Values in Swedish Male and Female Ice Hockey Players Across Competitive Levels

22. maj 2026 opdateret af: Daniel Muder, Dalarna County Council, Sweden

This study measures hand grip strength in male and female ice hockey players across different Swedish leagues to create reference (normative) values for adult players.

Hand grip strength is a simple test of how strongly a person can squeeze with their hand. Although it seems basic, it reflects overall upper-body strength and is widely used in both sports science and healthcare.

In this project, players from different levels of ice hockey (including professional men's and women's leagues, junior players, and recreational players if available) will have their grip strength measured using a standardized hand dynamometer. Measurements will be taken in a consistent way across all participating clubs.

The main goal is to build a reference database showing what "normal" grip strength looks like in ice hockey players depending on sex, league level, and playing position. This can help coaches, medical staff, and researchers better understand strength profiles in hockey athletes, support training and rehabilitation decisions, and provide benchmarks for future studies.

No treatment or intervention is given as part of the study.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, multi-league study designed to establish normative values for maximal isometric hand grip strength in adult Swedish ice hockey players.

Hand grip strength will be used as a standardized, low-cost proxy measure of upper-body muscular strength and general functional capacity. Although grip strength is widely used in clinical and sports science settings and has demonstrated good reliability when measured using standardized protocols, there is currently a lack of comprehensive normative data for adult ice hockey players. Existing literature is largely limited to youth cohorts or general athletic "combine"-type populations, with insufficient stratification for adult competitive ice hockey across sexes, league levels, and playing positions.

This study will include male and female players from multiple competitive levels in Swedish ice hockey, including professional leagues (SHL and SDHL), second-tier leagues (HockeyAllsvenskan and Women's Allsvenskan where feasible), junior elite levels (U18/U20), and potentially recreational adult players. Participants will be recruited through participating clubs during the pre-season or early competitive season period.

Grip strength will be measured using a standardized hand dynamometer according to a unified protocol aligned with established clinical measurement guidelines (including standardized positioning, device calibration, and repeated trials per hand). Both dominant and non-dominant hand grip strength will be recorded, and mean values will be used for analysis. To reduce inter-tester variability, participating sites will be instructed to follow a harmonized measurement protocol.

In addition to grip strength, basic demographic and anthropometric data will be collected, including age, sex, playing position (forward/defense), playing experience, height, and body mass. Where available, supplementary body composition data from club testing routines may also be included to allow exploratory analyses of strength relative to body size.

The primary purpose of the study is descriptive: to generate normative reference values (including percentiles) for grip strength in adult ice hockey players, stratified by sex, league level, and playing position. Secondary analyses will explore associations between grip strength and anthropometric and demographic variables.

This study does not include any intervention or experimental treatment. All measurements are non-invasive and performed during routine testing environments within clubs. The results are intended to support strength and conditioning practice, clinical assessment in sports medicine, and future research on performance, injury risk, and rehabilitation in ice hockey.

Undersøgelsestype

Observationel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

800

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Barn
  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Prøveudtagningsmetode

Ikke-sandsynlighedsprøve

Studiebefolkning

Adult male and female ice hockey players recruited from Swedish ice hockey clubs across multiple competitive levels, including professional (SHL and SDHL), second-tier (HockeyAllsvenskan and Women's Allsvenskan where available), junior elite (U18/U20), and selected recreational teams. Participants are drawn from active club rosters during the pre-season or early competitive season period. Recruitment is conducted in collaboration with participating clubs and their medical or strength and conditioning staff. The population represents a broad sample of Swedish ice hockey players across sex, age, and competitive level.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adult male or female ice hockey players.
  • Registered and actively participating in a Swedish ice hockey club during the current season.
  • Participation in one of the included competitive levels: professional, semi-professional, junior elite, or recreational leagues in Sweden.
  • Able to perform maximal hand grip strength testing. Provides written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current acute injury of the upper extremity (hand, wrist, forearm, or elbow) that prevents safe or valid grip strength testing.
  • Any medical condition that contraindicates maximal effort testing, as determined by team medical staff or study personnel.
  • Refusal or inability to provide informed consent.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

Kohorter og interventioner

Gruppe / kohorte
Ice Hockey Players
Adult male and female ice hockey players from multiple competitive levels in Sweden, including professional, semi-professional, junior elite, and recreational players. Participants undergo a single standardized measurement of hand grip strength.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Maximal Hand Grip Strength
Tidsramme: Baseline.
Maximal isometric hand grip strength measured in kilograms using a standardized hand dynamometer in adult male and female ice hockey players. Measurements will be performed for both dominant and non-dominant hands using a standardized protocol, and mean maximal value will be used for analysis.
Baseline.

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Anthropometric Characteristics
Tidsramme: Baseline.
Height (cm), body mass (kg), and body composition (if available) of adult male and female ice hockey players.
Baseline.
Demographic and Playing Characteristics
Tidsramme: Baseline.
Age, sex, playing position (forward/defense), league level, dominant hand, and years of playing experience in ice hockey.
Baseline.

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Daniel Muder, MD, PhD, Centre for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Sweden

Publikationer og nyttige links

Den person, der er ansvarlig for at indtaste oplysninger om undersøgelsen, leverer frivilligt disse publikationer. Disse kan handle om alt relateret til undersøgelsen.

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

1. september 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

31. december 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

31. december 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

23. april 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

30. april 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

5. maj 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

27. maj 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

22. maj 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. maj 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 2026-02210-01B

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

JA

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Any data shared with colleagues or collaborating researchers will be fully anonymized or pseudonymized to protect participant privacy in accordance with GDPR regulations. Data transfers will occur under strict confidentiality agreements, and all parties will adhere to applicable data protection laws to ensure the security and privacy of personal information. We will act in accordance with the ethical approval granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (EPM) and comply with all relevant local policies regarding data protection.

IPD-delingstidsramme

From the publication of the protocol and for 10 years thereafter.

IPD-delingsadgangskriterier

Access to individual participant data is typically restricted to authorized researchers involved in the study or approved collaborators under strict confidentiality and data protection agreements.

IPD-deling Understøttende informationstype

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF

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