Normative Hand Grip Strength Values in Swedish Male and Female Ice Hockey Players Across Competitive Levels
This study measures hand grip strength in male and female ice hockey players across different Swedish leagues to create reference (normative) values for adult players.
Hand grip strength is a simple test of how strongly a person can squeeze with their hand. Although it seems basic, it reflects overall upper-body strength and is widely used in both sports science and healthcare.
In this project, players from different levels of ice hockey (including professional men's and women's leagues, junior players, and recreational players if available) will have their grip strength measured using a standardized hand dynamometer. Measurements will be taken in a consistent way across all participating clubs.
The main goal is to build a reference database showing what "normal" grip strength looks like in ice hockey players depending on sex, league level, and playing position. This can help coaches, medical staff, and researchers better understand strength profiles in hockey athletes, support training and rehabilitation decisions, and provide benchmarks for future studies.
No treatment or intervention is given as part of the study.
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Detaljeret beskrivelse
This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, multi-league study designed to establish normative values for maximal isometric hand grip strength in adult Swedish ice hockey players.
Hand grip strength will be used as a standardized, low-cost proxy measure of upper-body muscular strength and general functional capacity. Although grip strength is widely used in clinical and sports science settings and has demonstrated good reliability when measured using standardized protocols, there is currently a lack of comprehensive normative data for adult ice hockey players. Existing literature is largely limited to youth cohorts or general athletic "combine"-type populations, with insufficient stratification for adult competitive ice hockey across sexes, league levels, and playing positions.
This study will include male and female players from multiple competitive levels in Swedish ice hockey, including professional leagues (SHL and SDHL), second-tier leagues (HockeyAllsvenskan and Women's Allsvenskan where feasible), junior elite levels (U18/U20), and potentially recreational adult players. Participants will be recruited through participating clubs during the pre-season or early competitive season period.
Grip strength will be measured using a standardized hand dynamometer according to a unified protocol aligned with established clinical measurement guidelines (including standardized positioning, device calibration, and repeated trials per hand). Both dominant and non-dominant hand grip strength will be recorded, and mean values will be used for analysis. To reduce inter-tester variability, participating sites will be instructed to follow a harmonized measurement protocol.
In addition to grip strength, basic demographic and anthropometric data will be collected, including age, sex, playing position (forward/defense), playing experience, height, and body mass. Where available, supplementary body composition data from club testing routines may also be included to allow exploratory analyses of strength relative to body size.
The primary purpose of the study is descriptive: to generate normative reference values (including percentiles) for grip strength in adult ice hockey players, stratified by sex, league level, and playing position. Secondary analyses will explore associations between grip strength and anthropometric and demographic variables.
This study does not include any intervention or experimental treatment. All measurements are non-invasive and performed during routine testing environments within clubs. The results are intended to support strength and conditioning practice, clinical assessment in sports medicine, and future research on performance, injury risk, and rehabilitation in ice hockey.
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Anslået)
Tilmelding
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiekontakt
Studiekontakt
- Navn: Daniel Muder, MD, PhD
- Telefonnummer: +46722027596
- E-mail: danielmuder@email.com
Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Barn
- Voksen
- Ældre voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Prøveudtagningsmetode
Studiebefolkning
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult male or female ice hockey players.
- Registered and actively participating in a Swedish ice hockey club during the current season.
- Participation in one of the included competitive levels: professional, semi-professional, junior elite, or recreational leagues in Sweden.
- Able to perform maximal hand grip strength testing. Provides written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Current acute injury of the upper extremity (hand, wrist, forearm, or elbow) that prevents safe or valid grip strength testing.
- Any medical condition that contraindicates maximal effort testing, as determined by team medical staff or study personnel.
- Refusal or inability to provide informed consent.
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
Antal grupper/kohorter
Kohorter og interventioner
Gruppe / kohorteGruppe / kohorte |
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Ice Hockey Players
Adult male and female ice hockey players from multiple competitive levels in Sweden, including professional, semi-professional, junior elite, and recreational players.
Participants undergo a single standardized measurement of hand grip strength.
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Maximal Hand Grip Strength
Tidsramme: Baseline.
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Maximal isometric hand grip strength measured in kilograms using a standardized hand dynamometer in adult male and female ice hockey players.
Measurements will be performed for both dominant and non-dominant hands using a standardized protocol, and mean maximal value will be used for analysis.
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Baseline.
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Anthropometric Characteristics
Tidsramme: Baseline.
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Height (cm), body mass (kg), and body composition (if available) of adult male and female ice hockey players.
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Baseline.
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Demographic and Playing Characteristics
Tidsramme: Baseline.
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Age, sex, playing position (forward/defense), league level, dominant hand, and years of playing experience in ice hockey.
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Baseline.
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Efterforskere
Efterforskere
- Ledende efterforsker: Daniel Muder, MD, PhD, Centre for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Sweden
Publikationer og nyttige links
Generelle publikationer
- Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, Sayer AA. A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing. 2011 Jul;40(4):423-9. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afr051. Epub 2011 May 30.
- Toong T, Wilson KE, Urban K, Paniccia M, Hunt AW, Keightley M, Reed N. Grip Strength in Youth Ice Hockey Players: Normative Values and Predictors of Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Dec;32(12):3494-3502. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002815.
- HAKIR - Handkirurgiskt kvalitetsregister, Swedish Hand Surgery Quality Registry. Nationell manual för mätning av rörelse och styrka [Internet]. Sweden; 2025 Sep. Report No.: Version 1, 2024. Available from: Version 1, 2024
- Chiarlitti NA, Delisle-Houde P, Reid RER, Kennedy C, Andersen RE. Importance of Body Composition in the National Hockey League Combine Physiological Assessments. J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Nov;32(11):3135-3142. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002309.
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Anslået)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Anslået)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Nøgleord
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- 2026-02210-01B
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?
IPD-planbeskrivelse
IPD-delingstidsramme
IPD-delingsadgangskriterier
IPD-deling Understøttende informationstype
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- SAP
- ICF
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