BIS-Guided Sedation Versus Standard Clinical Sedation During Elective Electrical Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation (BIS-ECV-RCT)
Bispectral Index-Guided Sedation Versus Standard Clinical Assessment-Guided Sedation During Elective Electrical Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective, Single-Center, Randomized Controlled, Assessor-Blinded Trial
Electrical cardioversion (ECV) is a standard procedure used to restore normal heart rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) by delivering a brief electrical shock to the heart. Because the procedure is painful and distressing, patients receive sedation - a controlled state of reduced consciousness - using short-acting intravenous medications. However, the optimal depth of sedation for ECV has not been well defined: too deep may cause breathing problems and low blood pressure, while too light may result in pain, awareness, or patient movement during the shock.
Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring is a non-invasive technology that continuously measures brain activity using an EEG sensor placed on the forehead, generating a numerical score from 0 (no brain activity) to 100 (fully awake). BIS scores between 61 and 80 correspond to moderate sedation, which preliminary observations suggest may be sufficient for ECV without the risks associated with deeper sedation.
This randomized controlled trial will compare two approaches to sedation monitoring during elective ECV for AF:
- Group 1 (BIS Group): Sedation is guided by BIS monitoring, targeting a score of 61-80.
- Group 2 (Control Group): Sedation is guided by standard clinical assessment (loss of response to verbal commands and eyelash reflex), with BIS recorded but not visible to the treating team.
Both groups will receive the same medications (propofol and fentanyl). The primary outcome is how quickly patients recover after the procedure, measured by the Modified Aldrete Score - a standard clinical recovery assessment tool. Secondary outcomes include patient and physician satisfaction, procedural pain, risk of awareness during the procedure, cardioversion success rate, hemodynamic stability, and complication rates.
The trial will enroll 60 adult patients at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cardiology Institute. Findings are expected to provide evidence-based guidance for standardizing sedation protocols during ECV.
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
Background:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Elective electrical cardioversion (ECV) is a widely used rhythm control strategy. Procedural sedation is a critical component of ECV; however, the optimal monitoring method and depth of sedation remain undefined. Excessive sedation risks respiratory depression and hemodynamic instability, particularly in patients with structural heart disease, while inadequate sedation may result in patient movement, pain, and procedural awareness.
Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring offers objective, real-time quantification of sedation depth. Preliminary clinical observation at our center suggests that BIS 61-80 provides adequate procedural conditions for ECV with propofol-fentanyl sedation, while deeper sedation (BIS <60) is associated with increased respiratory depression without additional procedural benefit.
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Anslået)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiekontakt
Studiekontakt
- Navn: AYLA ESIN
- Telefonnummer: +905326343959
- E-mail: ayla.esin@iuc.edu.tr
Studiesteder
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-
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Istanbul, Tyrkiet (Türkiye)
- Rekruttering
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cardiology Institute
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Kontakt:
- AYLA ESIN, MD
- Telefonnummer: 00905326343959
- E-mail: ayla.esin@iuc.edu.tr
-
Ledende efterforsker:
- Kerem Erkalp, Professor MD
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Voksen
- Ældre voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age ≥18 years
- Documented atrial fibrillation with indication for elective electrical cardioversion
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I, II, or III
- Left ventricular ejection fraction ≥30% on echocardiography
- Adequate anticoagulation: INR ≥2.0, OR ≥3 weeks of therapeutic anticoagulation, OR absence of left atrial thrombus confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography
- Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Known allergy or contraindication to propofol or fentanyl, or their excipients (soy, egg)
- Hemodynamic instability (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or symptomatic hypotension)
- Decompensated heart failure (NYHA functional class IV)
- Severe obstructive sleep apnea requiring CPAP or BiPAP therapy
- Anticipated difficult airway (modified Mallampati classification class III or IV)
- Baseline oxygen saturation <94% or active chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Severe hepatic impairment (transaminases >3× upper limit of normal) or severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²)
- Active psychiatric illness or cognitive impairment precluding questionnaire completion
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Alcohol or substance use within the preceding 24 hours
- Prior participation in this trial
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Behandling
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Enkelt
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Eksperimentel: BIS-Guided Sedation (BIS Group)
Patients in this group receive sedation with intravenous fentanyl (0.5-1 µg/kg) followed by titrated propofol (0.5-1 mg/kg) guided by continuous BIS monitoring, targeting a BIS range of 61-80.
Cardioversion is initiated once the target BIS range is achieved and clinical endpoints (loss of verbal contact, loss of eyelash reflex) are confirmed.
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IV propofol 0.5-1 mg/kg titrated to BIS 61-80, preceded by IV fentanyl 0.5-1 µg/kg.
Additional propofol 0.25-0.5 mg/kg boluses as needed for repeat shocks within target range.
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Aktiv komparator: Standard Clinical Sedation (Control Group)
Patients in this group receive sedation with intravenous fentanyl (0.5-1 µg/kg) followed by titrated propofol (0.5-1 mg/kg) guided by standard clinical assessment (loss of verbal contact, loss of eyelash reflex).
BIS monitoring is applied but the monitor screen is physically concealed from the treating team.
BIS values are recorded for analysis only.
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IV propofol 0.5-1 mg/kg titrated to clinical endpoints, preceded by IV fentanyl 0.5-1 µg/kg.
BIS recording passive (blinded to operator).
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Time to Recovery (Modified Aldrete Score ≥9)
Tidsramme: From sedation induction to Modified Aldrete Score ≥9, assessed every 5 minutes post-ECV for up to 60 minutes.
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Time in minutes from sedation induction (first propofol dose) to achievement of Modified Aldrete Score ≥9, assessed by an independent, blinded anesthesiologist.
The Modified Aldrete Score evaluates activity, respiration, circulation, consciousness, and oxygen saturation (0-2 points each; maximum 10).
Score ≥9 indicates readiness for discharge from monitored care.
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From sedation induction to Modified Aldrete Score ≥9, assessed every 5 minutes post-ECV for up to 60 minutes.
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Patient Satisfaction
Tidsramme: Within 60 minutes post-procedure.
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Patient-reported global satisfaction with the procedure assessed using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very dissatisfied to 5 = very satisfied), administered by the blinded assessor after Modified Aldrete Score ≥9 is achieved.
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Within 60 minutes post-procedure.
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Physician Satisfaction
Tidsramme: Immediately post-procedure (within 5 minutes of ECV completion).
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Treating cardiologist's global satisfaction with sedation conditions assessed using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very dissatisfied to 5 = very satisfied), recorded immediately after the procedure.
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Immediately post-procedure (within 5 minutes of ECV completion).
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Procedural Pain
Tidsramme: Within 60 minutes post-procedure (after Modified Aldrete Score ≥9).
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Patient-reported pain intensity during the procedure assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11; 0 = no pain, 10 = worst imaginable pain), administered after recovery.
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Within 60 minutes post-procedure (after Modified Aldrete Score ≥9).
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Cardioversion Success Rate
Tidsramme: Within 1 hour post-ECV.
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Proportion of patients achieving restoration of sinus rhythm confirmed by 12-lead ECG within 1 hour of the procedure.
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Within 1 hour post-ECV.
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Incidence of sedation related complications
Tidsramme: From sedation induction to 60 minutes post-procedure.
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Proportion of patients experiencing any of the following: hypotension (systolic BP <90 mmHg), bradycardia (HR <50 bpm), oxygen desaturation (SpO₂ <90%), apnea, laryngospasm, or procedurally significant arrhythmia.
Recorded as a composite binary outcome (yes/no).
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From sedation induction to 60 minutes post-procedure.
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Number of Cardioversion Shocks and Total Energy Delivered
Tidsramme: During the ECV procedure.
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Total number of synchronized shocks delivered and cumulative energy (Joules) used per patient.
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During the ECV procedure.
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Total Anesthetic Drug Consumption
Tidsramme: During procedure
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Total dose (mg/kg) of propofol and fentanyl (µg/kg) administered during the procedure.
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During procedure
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Efterforskere
Efterforskere
- Ledende efterforsker: Kerem Erkalp, Professor Dr, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Anslået)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- 20260404
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?
IPD-planbeskrivelse
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