The Effects of Spinal Mobilization Added to an Exercise Program in Recreational Tennis Players With Mechanical Low Back Pain
The Effects of Spinal Mobilization Added to an Exercise Program on Pain and Physical Fitness in Recreational Tennis Players With Mechanical Low Back Pain
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiesteder
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Istanbul, Tyrkiet (Türkiye)
- Istinye University
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adults aged 18-45 years.
- Body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 30 kg/m².
- Mechanical low back pain that decreases in the supine position and increases with activity or in various postures.
- Low back pain of more than one week duration with a baseline intensity greater than 4 on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and unrelated to any defined medical condition.
- Playing tennis on a recreational basis at least 2 days per week, totalling at least 2 hours per week.
- Able to communicate in Turkish or English in both written and spoken form.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pain in the lower back, hip, or groin lasting longer than 6 months.
- Pain accompanied by a sensory deficit.
- Pain radiating to the hip or lower extremity.
- History of long-term steroid use.
- Regular medication use.
- History of injury or surgery resulting in residual deficits.
- Previous interventional treatment to the lumbar region.
- Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy.
Termination Criteria During Study:
- Onset of an acute illness requiring treatment (e.g., influenza, pneumonia).
- Use of analgesic or sedative medication.
- An increase in VAS pain score greater than 3 points during exercise or treatment.
- Failure to perform the home exercise programme on three consecutive days.
- Missed manual therapy session.
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Behandling
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Enkelt
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
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Aktiv komparator: Control Group (CG):Home Exercise Program Only
Structured home-based exercise program performed daily for 3 weeks (21 sessions).
The program included posterior pelvic tilt, double knee-to-chest erector spinae stretching, combined hamstring and lumbar extensor stretching (long-sit toe touch), piriformis stretching, and static hamstring stretching.
Adherence was supported by written instructions, visual materials, and weekly telephone follow-up.
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21 daily sessions over 3 weeks; 5 repetitions per exercise (30-second holds for stretches; 10-second hold for posterior pelvic tilt); supported by written instructions, visual materials, and weekly telephone follow-up.
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Eksperimentel: Experimental Group (EG): Spinal Mobilization Plus Home Exercise Program
The identical home exercise program (21 sessions over 3 weeks) plus four sessions of supervised spinal mobilization administered by a physiotherapist - one at baseline and one per week for 3 weeks - using Maitland-graded techniques (Levels I-V; end-range not forced).
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21 daily sessions over 3 weeks; 5 repetitions per exercise (30-second holds for stretches; 10-second hold for posterior pelvic tilt); supported by written instructions, visual materials, and weekly telephone follow-up.
Four supervised sessions over 3 weeks (one at baseline and weekly thereafter).
Techniques included thoracic posteroanterior mobilization (T5-T12), rotational thoracic mobilization ("butterfly/screw"), sacroiliac mobilization, side-lying lumbar mobilization, and anteroposterior lumbar mobilization.
Each technique was applied as five sets of one-minute oscillations with 20-second rest intervals in the posteroanterior, mediolateral, and transverse planes.
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain during physical activity (cm
Tidsramme: Baseline to Week 3
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Self-reported pain intensity during physical activity recorded on a 10-cm horizontal Visual Analog Scale anchored from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst imaginable pain").
Lower values indicate less pain.
Safety Issue: No.
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Baseline to Week 3
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain at rest (cm)
Tidsramme: Baseline to Week 3
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Self-reported pain intensity at rest recorded on a 10-cm horizontal Visual Analog Scale anchored from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst imaginable pain").
Lower values indicate less pain.
Safety Issue: No.
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Baseline to Week 3
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Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for night pain (cm)
Tidsramme: Baseline to Week 3
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Self-reported pain intensity during sleep/night recorded on a 10-cm horizontal Visual Analog Scale anchored from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst imaginable pain").
Lower values indicate less pain.
Safety Issue: No.
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Baseline to Week 3
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Y-Balance Test (cm)
Tidsramme: Baseline to Week 3
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Dynamic balance and neuromuscular control assessed by the maximum reach distance for each lower extremity in three directions (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral).
Three trials per leg per direction; the maximum reach distance for each direction is recorded.
Higher values indicate better dynamic postural control.
Safety Issue: No.
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Baseline to Week 3
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Vertical Jump Test (cm)
Tidsramme: Baseline to Week 3
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Maximal vertical jump height assessed using the validated My Jump Lab smartphone application (iPhone 15 Pro Max mounted on a flexible tripod 20 cm above the ground).
Three trials are performed barefoot on a hard surface with hands fixed on the hips; minimum, maximum, and mean values are recorded.
Higher values indicate better lower-extremity power.
Safety Issue: No.
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Baseline to Week 3
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Sit-and-Reach Test (cm)
Tidsramme: Baseline to Week 3
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Hamstring and lumbar flexibility assessed using a Baseline sit-and-reach box.
From a long-sit position with the feet flat against the box and the knees fully extended, the participant reaches forward with both hands three times; the maximum reach distance from the foot reference line is recorded (positive when reaching beyond the toes; negative when not reaching the toes).
Higher values indicate greater flexibility.
Safety Issue: No.
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Baseline to Week 3
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Isometric Back-Chest-Leg Strength (kg-force)
Tidsramme: Baseline to Week 3
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Maximal isometric strength of the back, chest, and lower-extremity extensor chain measured with a calibrated Baseline back-chest-leg dynamometer (New York, USA).
Following one practice trial, three trials are performed with 30-second rest intervals; the highest value is used in analysis.
Higher values indicate greater isometric strength.
Safety Issue: No.
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Baseline to Week 3
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- Tennis - Spinal Mob 25-49
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
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