Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoes and Foot Posture Preservation in Adolescent Wrestlers (MAWS-RCT)
Medial Arch-Support Wrestling Shoes and Foot Posture Preservation in Adolescent Wrestlers: A Three-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
This three-year randomized controlled trial investigated whether wrestling shoes with built-in medial arch support can preserve foot arch structure in adolescent male wrestlers compared to standard wrestling shoes without arch support.
A total of 88 adolescent male wrestlers (age 11 at baseline) were randomly assigned to wear either modified wrestling shoes with integrated medial arch support (intervention group, n=44) or standard commercially available wrestling shoes (control group, n=44). Foot posture was assessed annually using the Staheli Arch Index via podoscopy. Plantar pressure distribution was recorded using the Tekscan F-Scan system. The study followed participants for three years.
The primary aim was to determine whether medial arch-support wrestling shoes reduce the emergence of flat foot (pes planus) compared with standard wrestling shoes during a critical period of foot development in young athletes.
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiesteder
-
-
-
Malatya, Tyrkiet (Türkiye)
- Regional Boarding School (YBO)
-
-
Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Barn
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Registered wrestlers at Regional Boarding Schools (YBO)
- Training frequency of 3 or more days per week
- No lower extremity injury within the preceding 6 months
- No current orthopedic insole use
- Normal foot posture at baseline
Exclusion Criteria:
- Prior lower extremity surgery
- Neurological disorders
- Rheumatological disorders
- Severe congenital foot deformity
- Current orthopedic insole use
- Existing foot deformity at baseline
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Forebyggelse
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Enkelt
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
|
Eksperimentel: Modified Wrestling Shoe (Arch Support)
Participants wore modified wrestling shoes with integrated medial arch support, multi-density rubber outsole, reinforced heel stabilization, structured midfoot midsole, and optimized plantar contact geometry for three years during all wrestling training sessions.
Shoe sizes were monitored and replaced as needed.
|
Modified wrestling shoe incorporating a multi-density rubber outsole, integrated medial longitudinal arch support, reinforced heel stabilization with hidden heel pads, structured midfoot midsole, four-way stretch Scuba fabric upper, and adhesive Velcro tape closure system.
Designed to redistribute plantar pressure and preserve medial longitudinal arch structure during wrestling training.
|
|
Aktiv komparator: Standard Wrestling Shoe
Participants wore standard commercially available wrestling shoes featuring a flat thin rubber outsole, no cushioning midsole, no arch support, near-zero heel drop, and a high collar for three years during all wrestling training sessions.
Shoe sizes were monitored and replaced as needed.
|
Conventional commercially available wrestling shoe featuring a thin flat rubber outsole, hard insole without arch support, tight lacing system, high collar, and rigid non-flexible plastic base.
No medial arch support or plantar load redistribution features.
|
Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Foot Posture Classification (Staheli Arch Index)
Tidsramme: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2, Year 3
|
Foot posture was classified annually using the Staheli Arch Index (SAI) assessed via podoscopy.
Classifications: normal (SAI 0.45-0.89),
flexible pes planus (SAI 0.90-1.00),
and rigid pes planus (SAI ≥1.01, confirmed by Jack Toe Raise Test).
Between-group differences were evaluated using Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction.
|
Baseline, Year 1, Year 2, Year 3
|
Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Plantar Pressure Distribution
Tidsramme: Year 3
|
Dynamic plantar pressure distribution was recorded using the Tekscan F-Scan system (3000E sensors, 100 Hz) during 30-second walking trials on a UWW-approved mat.
Pressure maps were evaluated qualitatively for midfoot contact area and center of pressure trajectory.
|
Year 3
|
|
Standing Height
Tidsramme: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2
|
Standing height (cm) was measured using a calibrated stadiometer at each assessment point.
Between-group differences were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA (group × time).
|
Baseline, Year 1, Year 2
|
|
Body Mass
Tidsramme: Baseline, Year 1, Year 2
|
Body mass (kg) was measured using a calibrated scale at each assessment point.
Between-group differences were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA (group × time).
|
Baseline, Year 1, Year 2
|
Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Samarbejdspartnere
Samarbejdspartnere
Efterforskere
Efterforskere
- Ledende efterforsker: Mahmut Açak, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- 2018-106
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?
Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret lægemiddelprodukt
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret enhedsprodukt
Disse oplysninger blev hentet direkte fra webstedet clinicaltrials.gov uden ændringer. Hvis du har nogen anmodninger om at ændre, fjerne eller opdatere dine undersøgelsesoplysninger, bedes du kontakte register@clinicaltrials.gov. Så snart en ændring er implementeret på clinicaltrials.gov, vil denne også blive opdateret automatisk på vores hjemmeside .