Effect of Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Pain and Symptoms in Primary Dysmenorrhea
The Effect of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Pain, Menstrual Symptoms, Depression, and Anxiety in Young Adults With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
Primary dysmenorrhea is a common condition affecting young women and is associated with significant physical and psychological symptoms. Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques such as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) have gained attention as potential therapeutic approaches.
In this randomized controlled study, women diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea will be randomly assigned to either an active taVNS group or a sham stimulation group. The intervention will be applied during the luteal phase between two consecutive menstrual cycles, totaling 10 sessions.
Outcome measures will include pain intensity, pain threshold, depression, anxiety, menstrual symptoms, premenstrual syndrome severity, and functional and emotional impact of dysmenorrhea.
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiesteder
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Avcılar
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Istanbul, Avcılar, Tyrkiet (Türkiye)
- Istanbul Gelisim University
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female participants aged 18 years and older
- Diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea (PD)
- Having regular menstrual cycles within the last 6 months
- Reporting menstrual pain intensity of at least 40 mm on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
- Willingness to participate in the study and providing informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosis of secondary dysmenorrhea
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Menstrual cycle length shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days
- History of pregnancy or childbirth, or current pregnancy
- Use of intrauterine device (IUD) or oral contraceptives
- Current use of sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, or psychotropic medication
- History of pelvic surgery or presence of pelvic pathology
- Presence of chronic, systemic, cardiovascular, or neurological diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, bradycardia, hypotension, hypotonic disorders, etc.)
- Presence of ear implants, ear wounds, or ear infections
- Presence of implanted electronic devices such as pacemakers
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Behandling
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Enkelt
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
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Eksperimentel: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS)
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) 10 sessions during luteal phase
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Participants in the experimental group received real transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS).
The intervention was applied during the luteal phase between the first and second menstrual cycles.
A total of 10 sessions were administered.
Stimulation was delivered using a non-invasive device targeting the auricular branch of the vagus nerve.
Andre navne:
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Sham-komparator: Sham transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation
Sham transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation 10 sessions during luteal phase
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Participants in the control group received sham transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (placebo stimulation).
The procedure mimicked the real stimulation protocol in terms of duration and application schedule but without delivering effective vagal nerve stimulation.
A total of 10 sessions were administered during the luteal phase between the first and second menstrual cycles.
Andre navne:
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Menstrual pain intensity
Tidsramme: Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Menstrual pain intensity is assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
Scores range from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain.
Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Pain threshold
Tidsramme: Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Pain threshold is assessed using a pressure algometer.
The pressure pain threshold is recorded in lb/cm².
Higher values indicate a higher pressure pain threshold and lower pain sensitivity.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Depression level
Tidsramme: Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Depression levels are assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
The BDI is a 21-item self-report questionnaire with total scores ranging from 0 to 63.
Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.
Scores of 0-9 indicate minimal, 10-16 mild, 17-29 moderate, and 30-63 severe depressive symptoms.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Anxiety level
Tidsramme: Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Anxiety levels are assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
The BAI is a 21-item self-report questionnaire with total scores ranging from 0 to 63.
Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.
Scores of 0-17 indicate low anxiety, 18-24 moderate anxiety, and 25-63 high anxiety.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Menstrual symptoms
Tidsramme: Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Menstrual symptoms are assessed using the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ).
The questionnaire consists of 22 items across three subscales: Negative Effects/Somatic Complaints (13 items), Menstrual Pain Symptoms (6 items), and Coping Methods (3 items).
Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always).
Total scores range from 22 to 110, with higher scores indicating more severe menstrual symptoms.
Higher subscale scores indicate greater severity of symptoms within the corresponding domain.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Premenstrual syndrome severity
Tidsramme: Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Premenstrual syndrome symptoms are assessed using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS).
The PMSS is a 44-item self-report questionnaire with nine subscales: depressive affect, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, depressive thoughts, pain, appetite changes, sleep changes, and bloating.
Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always).
Total scores range from 44 to 220, with higher scores indicating greater severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms.
Higher subscale scores indicate greater symptom severity within the corresponding domain.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Functional and emotional impact of dysmenorrhea
Tidsramme: Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Dysmenorrhea-related functional and emotional impact is assessed using the Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale (FEDDS).
The FEDDS is a 14-item self-report questionnaire with two subscales.
Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well).
Total scores indicate the overall level of functional and emotional impairment due to dysmenorrhea, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Higher subscale scores indicate greater functional or emotional impact.
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Baseline (Cycle 1, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation). Cycle 2, Day 1 or Day 2 of menstruation (approximately one menstrual cycle [21-35 days] after baseline).
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Publikationer og nyttige links
Generelle publikationer
- Hüsniye Merve Demirer. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in primary dysmenorrhea: effects on pain, menstrual symptoms, depression and anxiety. PhD Thesis, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2024. Available at: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Nøgleord
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- 2023-23/113
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IPD-planbeskrivelse
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