Digital Eye Strain in Online Learning and Remote Work Environments: A Systematic Review (DES-OLRW)
Digital Eye Strain in Online Learning and Remote Work Environments: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies-A Systematic Review
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
Digital eye strain (DES), also known as computer vision syndrome, has become an increasingly important public health concern due to the widespread use of digital devices in education and the workplace. The rapid expansion of online learning and remote work, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, has substantially increased daily screen exposure among students and employees, leading to a higher prevalence of visual and ocular symptoms.
DES encompasses a range of symptoms including eye fatigue, dryness, burning sensation, blurred vision, headache, diplopia, neck pain, and shoulder discomfort. These symptoms result from multiple interacting factors, including prolonged accommodation, decreased blink rate, tear film instability, poor ergonomics, improper viewing distance, glare, inadequate lighting, and prolonged uninterrupted screen use. The condition may adversely affect quality of life, academic performance, workplace productivity, and overall well-being.
The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the current evidence regarding the prevalence of digital eye strain among individuals participating in online learning and remote work, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate available preventive and therapeutic management strategies.
The review included observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control) and interventional studies involving online learners or remote workers published in English from January 2020 onward. Studies were identified through comprehensive searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles according to predefined eligibility criteria, extracted study data, and assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists for observational studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for interventional studies.
Extracted data included study characteristics, participant demographics, sample size, duration of screen exposure, methods used to assess digital eye strain, prevalence estimates, identified risk factors, evaluated interventions, and principal findings. A narrative synthesis summarized the available evidence, while quantitative meta-analysis using a random-effects model was planned when sufficient homogeneous data were available. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I² statistic.
The findings of this review are expected to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current literature, identify modifiable risk factors, summarize evidence-based preventive and therapeutic approaches, and support recommendations for educational institutions, employers, healthcare professionals, and policy makers aimed at reducing the burden of digital eye strain among digital device users.
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
Tilmelding
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiesteder
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Benha
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Banhā, Benha, Egypten, 13111
- Benha University
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Barn
- Voksen
- Ældre voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Prøveudtagningsmetode
Studiebefolkning
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Published observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control) and interventional studies.
- Studies involving individuals participating in online learning or remote work.
- Studies reporting the prevalence, risk factors, severity, or management of digital eye strain (computer vision syndrome).
- Studies published in English.
- Publications from January 2020 onward.
- Full-text articles available for review.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Case reports and case series.
- Editorials, commentaries, letters, conference abstracts, and narrative reviews.
- Studies unrelated to online learning or remote work.
- Animal or laboratory studies.
- Duplicate publications.
- Studies with insufficient data for extraction.
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
Antal grupper/kohorter
Kohorter og interventioner
Gruppe / kohorteGruppe / kohorte |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Published Studies on Digital Eye Strain
This cohort consists of published observational and interventional studies included in a systematic review evaluating the prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies for digital eye strain among individuals engaged in online learning and remote work.
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Systematic identification, selection, appraisal, and synthesis of published studies evaluating digital eye strain in online learning and remote work environments.
No intervention was administered directly to participants.
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of Participants with Digital Eye Strain
Tidsramme: Baseline
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To estimate the pooled prevalence of digital eye strain among individuals engaged in online learning and remote work using data extracted from eligible published studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Baseline
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- Ophth_110_2025_DES_SR
Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret lægemiddelprodukt
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret enhedsprodukt
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