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Comparative Effects Of Clamshell And Short Arc Quadriceps Exercises In Patellofemoral Pain (CASCAPE-PFPS)

9. juni 2026 opdateret af: Laraib Fatima, Green International University

Comparative Effects Of Clam Shell Exercises And Short Arc Quadriceps Strengthening Exercises On Pain, Functional Disability And Quality Of Life In Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

This is a research study to compare two different exercises for people who have patellofemoral pain syndrome. Patellofemoral pain syndrome means pain around or behind the kneecap, which is also called "runner's knee".

People in this study will be divided into two groups by chance. One group will do clamshell exercises. This exercise strengthens hip muscles. The other group will do short arc quadriceps exercises. This exercise strengthens thigh muscles near the knee. Both groups will do their exercises for the same number of weeks.

The main goal of this study is to see which exercise reduces knee pain better and helps patients do daily activities more easily. We will also check if quality of life improves after doing these exercises.

Pain level, knee function, and quality of life will be checked before starting exercises and again after finishing the exercise program.

The results may help doctors and physical therapists choose the best exercise for patients with kneecap pain.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This randomized parallel-group clinical trial will compare the effectiveness of clamshell exercises versus short arc quadriceps strengthening exercises in patients diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Study Design: Participants meeting inclusion criteria for patellofemoral pain syndrome will be randomly allocated into two intervention groups.

Group 1 - Clamshell Exercise Group: Participants will perform clamshell exercises targeting hip abductors and external rotators, specifically gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles.

Group 2 - Short Arc Quadriceps Group: Participants will perform short arc quadriceps strengthening exercises focusing on quadriceps femoris muscle, with emphasis on vastus medialis obliquus activation.

Intervention Duration: Both groups will follow supervised exercise protocols for [X weeks]. Frequency and repetitions will be as per standard protocol.

Outcome Measures:

Primary: Pain intensity using Visual Analog Scale, Functional disability using Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale, Quality of Life using SF-36 questionnaire.

Assessments will be conducted at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention to compare changes between the two exercise groups.

Hypothesis: Clamshell exercises targeting hip muscles may show superior effects on pain and function compared to short arc quadriceps exercises in PFPS patients.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

34

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Sargodha, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 40100
        • Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, Bahlwal

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients diagnosed with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Age between 18-40 years. Male and female participants Presence of anterior knee pain for at least 4 weeks Pain aggravated by activities such as stair climbing, squatting, running, or prolonged sitting Willingness to participate and provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

History of knee surgery or fracture around the knee joint Ligament injuries (e.g., ACL, PCL tears) or meniscal injuries Presence of other knee conditions (e.g., osteoarthritis, patellar dislocation). Neurological disorders affecting lower limb sensations and gait Current participation in any other physiotherapy or rehabilitation program Systemic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis). Cognitive impairment or inability to follow instructions/attend sessions. Use of long-term steroids, strong analgesics, or anti-inflammatory medications.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Tredobbelt

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Clamshell Exercise Group
Participants in this group will perform clamshell exercises targeting hip abductors and external rotators. Exercise includes side-lying hip abduction with knees bent at 45 degrees, focusing on gluteus medius and gluteus maximus strengthening. Sessions will be supervised by physical therapist for [X weeks], [frequency per week].
Procedure: Clamshell Exercise
A hip strengthening exercise performed in side-lying position with hips and knees flexed. Patient opens top knee like a clamshell while keeping feet together to strengthen gluteus medius and external rotators.
Andre navne:
  • Sude-lying Hip Abduction
  • Shell Exercise
Eksperimentel: Short Arc Quadriceps Exercise Group
Participants in this group will perform short arc quadriceps strengthening exercises targeting quadriceps femoris muscle with emphasis on vastus medialis obliquus activation. Exercise performed from 30 to 0 degrees knee extension in short arc range. Sessions will be supervised by physical therapist for [X weeks], [frequency per week].
Procedure: Short Arc Quadriceps Exercise
A knee strengthening exercise performed in short range of motion from 30 degrees to full extension. Patient extends knee against resistance while quadriceps muscle is activated, focusing on vastus medialis obliquus.
Andre navne:
  • SAQ Exercise
  • Terminal Knee Extension
  • Short Range Quadricepa

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Pain Intensity
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention
Pain intensity will be assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). VAS is a 10cm horizontal line where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain imaginable. Patients mark their current knee pain level. Change in VAS score will be measured from baseline to post-intervention after completion of exercise program.
Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Knee Function
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention
Knee function will be assessed using Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS). AKPS is a 13-item questionnaire specific for patellofemoral pain syndrome. Total score ranges from 0 to 100, where 100 = no limitation and 0 = maximum limitation. Change in AKPS score will be measured from baseline to post-intervention.
Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention
Change in Quality of Life
Tidsramme: Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention
Quality of life will be assessed using Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). SF-36 includes 8 domains: physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100 for each domain. Change in SF-36 scores will be measured from baseline to post-intervention.
Baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Green International University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

2. november 2025

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

29. april 2026

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

5. maj 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

9. juni 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

9. juni 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

12. juni 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

12. juni 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

9. juni 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juni 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • GIU/REC/26-40

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

JA

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Only IPD used in the results publication willbe shared.

IPD-delingstidsramme

It will be available after the completion of the study.

IPD-delingsadgangskriterier

Data requests should be sent to the corresponding author. Access will be granted to qualified researchers for approved research proposals. Data will be de-identified before sharing.

IPD-deling Understøttende informationstype

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF
  • CSR

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