Effect of Cocoa Consumption in Cardiovascular and Immune Parameters
Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effect of Cocoa Consumption in Cardiovascular and Immune Parameters in Colombian Patients With Newly Diagnosed Stage 1 Arterial Hypertension
Studienübersicht
Status
Status
Bedingungen
Bedingungen
Intervention / Behandlung
Intervention / Behandlung
Studientyp
Studientyp
Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)
Einschreibung
Phase
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Studienorte
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Antioquia
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Medellín, Antioquia, Kolumbien
- Sede Investigaciones Universitarias, Universidad de Antioquia
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Teilnahmekriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Studienberechtigte Geschlechter
Beschreibung
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age: 18 - 65 years old
- Resides in Medellín City
- Attached from the contributive regimen of Colombian Health System
- Essential Arterial Hypertension, stage I. Diagnosis less than 3 months.
- Medically indicated non-pharmacological therapy.
- Voluntary desire to consume 50 grams of chocolate per day for 12 weeks.
- Voluntary desire to participate in the trial and sign informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Suspect of secondary hypertension
- Suspect of injury in target organ
- Presence of diabetes mellitus
- BMI (Body Mass Index) major or equal to 30
- Present smoker or with less than four weeks of abstinence of tobacco
- Consume antiplatelet substances
- Regular consumption of antioxidants, multivitamins, anti-inflammatory medications, drugs for nasal congestion and sibutramine
Studienplan
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Behandlung
- Zuteilung: Zufällig
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Verdreifachen
Anzahl der Arme
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / ArmTeilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlungIntervention / Behandlung |
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Aktiver Komparator: Dark chocolate
Presence of 70% cocoa solids
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Each chocolate bar provided 210 calories represented in 25 grams of carbohydrates, 3 g of proteins, 18 g of total fat and the presence of 70% cocoa solids
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Placebo-Komparator: White chocolate
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Each chocolate bar provided 230 calories represented in 28 grams of carbohydrates, 3 g of proteins, 18 g of total fat, without the presence of 70% cocoa solids
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Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
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Change in diastolic blood pressure
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Measurement of the diastolic blood pressure with the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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Change in systolic blood pressure
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Measurement of the systolic blood pressure with the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Change in total cholesterol
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Change in low density lipoprotein cholesterol
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Change in triglycerides levels
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Change in hs-CRP
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Change in IL-1 beta levels
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Change in IL-2 levels
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Change in tumor necrosis factor alpha levels
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Change in flow mediated dilatation of the brachial artery
Zeitfenster: Baseline and 12 weeks
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Baseline and 12 weeks
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Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
Sponsor
Sponsor
Ermittler
Ermittler
- Hauptermittler: Monica L Giraldo, PhD, Universidad de Antioquia
Publikationen und hilfreiche Links
Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen
- Hermann F, Spieker LE, Ruschitzka F, Sudano I, Hermann M, Binggeli C, Luscher TF, Riesen W, Noll G, Corti R. Dark chocolate improves endothelial and platelet function. Heart. 2006 Jan;92(1):119-20. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2005.063362. No abstract available.
- Murphy KJ, Chronopoulos AK, Singh I, Francis MA, Moriarty H, Pike MJ, Turner AH, Mann NJ, Sinclair AJ. Dietary flavanols and procyanidin oligomers from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) inhibit platelet function. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jun;77(6):1466-73. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/77.6.1466.
- Wang-Polagruto JF, Villablanca AC, Polagruto JA, Lee L, Holt RR, Schrader HR, Ensunsa JL, Steinberg FM, Schmitz HH, Keen CL. Chronic consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa improves endothelial function and decreases vascular cell adhesion molecule in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S177-86; discussion S206-9. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00013.
- Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ; Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003 Dec;42(6):1206-52. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2. Epub 2003 Dec 1.
- Schroeter H, Heiss C, Balzer J, Kleinbongard P, Keen CL, Hollenberg NK, Sies H, Kwik-Uribe C, Schmitz HH, Kelm M. (-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 24;103(4):1024-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0510168103. Epub 2006 Jan 17.
- McCullough ML, Chevaux K, Jackson L, Preston M, Martinez G, Schmitz HH, Coletti C, Campos H, Hollenberg NK. Hypertension, the Kuna, and the epidemiology of flavanols. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S103-9; discussion 119-21. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00003.
- Taubert D, Roesen R, Lehmann C, Jung N, Schomig E. Effects of low habitual cocoa intake on blood pressure and bioactive nitric oxide: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007 Jul 4;298(1):49-60. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.1.49.
- Grassi D, Necozione S, Lippi C, Croce G, Valeri L, Pasqualetti P, Desideri G, Blumberg JB, Ferri C. Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives. Hypertension. 2005 Aug;46(2):398-405. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000174990.46027.70. Epub 2005 Jul 18.
- Taubert D, Roesen R, Schomig E. Effect of cocoa and tea intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Apr 9;167(7):626-34. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.7.626.
- Farouque HM, Leung M, Hope SA, Baldi M, Schechter C, Cameron JD, Meredith IT. Acute and chronic effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in subjects with coronary artery disease: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Clin Sci (Lond). 2006 Jul;111(1):71-80. doi: 10.1042/CS20060048.
- Selmi C, Mao TK, Keen CL, Schmitz HH, Eric Gershwin M. The anti-inflammatory properties of cocoa flavanols. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S163-71; discussion S172-6. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00010.
- Keen CL, Holt RR, Oteiza PI, Fraga CG, Schmitz HH. Cocoa antioxidants and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;81(1 Suppl):298S-303S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.298S.
- Muniyappa R, Hall G, Kolodziej TL, Karne RJ, Crandon SK, Quon MJ. Cocoa consumption for 2 wk enhances insulin-mediated vasodilatation without improving blood pressure or insulin resistance in essential hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1685-96. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26457.
- Engler MB, Engler MM, Chen CY, Malloy MJ, Browne A, Chiu EY, Kwak HK, Milbury P, Paul SM, Blumberg J, Mietus-Snyder ML. Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Jun;23(3):197-204. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719361.
- Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, Grassi G, Heagerty AM, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope L, Rynkiewicz A, Schmieder RE, Boudier HA, Zanchetti A; ESH-ESC Task Force on the Management of Arterial Hypertension. 2007 ESH-ESC Practice Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: ESH-ESC Task Force on the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2007 Sep;25(9):1751-62. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f0580f. No abstract available. Erratum In: J Hypertens. 2007 Oct;25(10):2184.
- K Hollenberg N. Vascular action of cocoa flavanols in humans: the roots of the story. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S99-102; discussion S119-21. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00002.
- Desch S, Schmidt J, Kobler D, Sonnabend M, Eitel I, Sareban M, Rahimi K, Schuler G, Thiele H. Effect of cocoa products on blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens. 2010 Jan;23(1):97-103. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2009.213. Epub 2009 Nov 12.
- Ried K, Sullivan T, Fakler P, Frank OR, Stocks NP. Does chocolate reduce blood pressure? A meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2010 Jun 28;8:39. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-39.
- Sabater-Hernandez D, Fikri-Benbrahim O, Faus MJ. [Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for clinical decisions making]. Med Clin (Barc). 2010 Jun 5;135(1):23-9. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2009.07.019. Epub 2009 Oct 12. Spanish.
- Haukoos JS, Newgard CD. Advanced statistics: missing data in clinical research--part 1: an introduction and conceptual framework. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Jul;14(7):662-8. doi: 10.1197/j.aem.2006.11.037. Epub 2007 May 30.
- Crews WD Jr, Harrison DW, Wright JW. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of dark chocolate and cocoa on variables associated with neuropsychological functioning and cardiovascular health: clinical findings from a sample of healthy, cognitively intact older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):872-80. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.4.872.
- Monagas M, Khan N, Andres-Lacueva C, Casas R, Urpi-Sarda M, Llorach R, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. Effect of cocoa powder on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov;90(5):1144-50. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27716. Epub 2009 Sep 23.
- Grassi D, Desideri G, Necozione S, Lippi C, Casale R, Properzi G, Blumberg JB, Ferri C. Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate. J Nutr. 2008 Sep;138(9):1671-6. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.9.1671.
- Fraga CG, Actis-Goretta L, Ottaviani JI, Carrasquedo F, Lotito SB, Lazarus S, Schmitz HH, Keen CL. Regular consumption of a flavanol-rich chocolate can improve oxidant stress in young soccer players. Clin Dev Immunol. 2005 Mar;12(1):11-7. doi: 10.1080/10446670410001722159.
- Holt RR, Actis-Goretta L, Momma TY, Keen CL. Dietary flavanols and platelet reactivity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S187-96; discussion S206-9. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00014.
- Ferri C, Grassi D, Grassi G. Cocoa beans, endothelial function and aging: an unexpected friendship? J Hypertens. 2006 Aug;24(8):1471-4. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000239279.82196.ec. No abstract available.
Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn
Studienbeginn
Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)
Primärer Abschluss
Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)
Studienabschluss
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst gepostet (Schätzen)
Zuerst gepostet
Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen
Letztes Update gepostet (Schätzen)
Letztes Update gepostet
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Zuletzt verifiziert
Zuletzt verifiziert
Mehr Informationen
Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie
Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- Cacao I
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