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The Effect of Hot Compress in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

30. April 2026 aktualisiert von: Ercan Bakır

The Effect of Topical Hot Compress Applications With Black Seed (Nigella Sativa) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Essential Oil on Pain and Patient Satisfaction in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Study

This study aims to examine the effect of hot compress applied with Nigella sativa (black cumin) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) essential oils on pain, morning stiffness, physical function, and patient satisfaction in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. The study is planned as a randomized controlled experimental study with 120 participants. Inclusion criteria: aged 18 and over, diagnosed with knee OA, Kellgren-Lawrence stage 3, VAS pain score ≥4, no known allergy to the essential oils, no open wound on the knee/foot, no knee surgery, not receiving any other alternative treatment during the study period, and not pregnant. Participants will be randomly assigned to four groups (30 each): 1) ginger oil + hot compress, 2) black cumin oil + hot compress, 3) sham (hot compress only), 4) control (routine treatment only). Data collection tools: Patient Information Form, WOMAC, VAS-pain, VAS-satisfaction. Applications will be performed once daily for 7 days (30 minutes per session). Assessments will be conducted at baseline and on day 7.

Studienübersicht

Status

Abgeschlossen

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

Knee oteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint diseases worldwide. The prevalence of OA in people aged 20 and over is 203 per 100,000 per year, with 86.7 million people diagnosed with knee OA. In Turkey, the frequency of OA has reached 15%, and it is twice as common in females as in males.

No treatment currently reverses structural deformities caused by OA. Non-pharmacological treatments such as thermotherapy (heat/cold), Tai Chi, yoga, and acupuncture are recommended. Topical applications of herbal extracts and essential oils have also been studied.

Nigella sativa (black cumin) contains thymoquinone, which reduces joint inflammation and rheumatic pain. Zingiber officinale (ginger) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Heat application increases blood flow and reduces stiffness and pain.

This randomized controlled experimental study aims to evaluate the effect of hot compress applied with Nigella sativa and Zingiber officinale essential oils on pain, morning stiffness, physical function, and patient satisfaction in knee OA patients.

The study will be conducted at Van Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Physical Therapy Unit. Sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1.7 (α = 0.05, effect size 0.10, power 95%), resulting in 120 participants (30 per group).

Inclusion criteria: aged ≥18 years, physician-diagnosed knee OA, Kellgren-Lawrence stage 3, VAS pain ≥4, no known allergy to the essential oils, no open wound on knee/foot, no knee surgery, not receiving other alternative treatments during the study, and not pregnant.

Exclusion criteria: unwillingness to participate, development of a wound, operation, bruising, or edema in the knee area during the study.

Participants will be randomly assigned to four groups using www.randomization.org:

  1. Ginger oil + hot compress group
  2. Black cumin oil + hot compress group
  3. Sham group (hot compress only)
  4. Control group (routine treatment only, no additional intervention) A patch test will be performed on the inner forearm with 3 drops of essential oil for participants in groups 1 and 2. If no allergic reaction (dyspnea, itching, redness, rash) occurs within 20 minutes, the participant will be included.

A hot compress will be applied using a thermophore at 40-50°C, wrapped in a thin towel, placed on both knees for 30 minutes, and covered with another towel. This will be performed once daily for 7 days.

Data collection tools:

  • Patient Information Form (sociodemographic and clinical characteristics)
  • WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) for pain, stiffness, and physical function
  • Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain (0-10)
  • Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for satisfaction (0-10) Assessments will be conducted at baseline (day 1) and at the end of day 7. Statistical analysis will be performed using IBM SPSS 27.0. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, paired t-test, Wilcoxon, and Friedman tests will be used. Post-hoc tests (Tukey for ANOVA, Dunn for Kruskal-Wallis) will be applied. Significance level will be p < 0.05.

Ethical approval was obtained from Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Scientific Ethics Committee (decision no: 4/12, date: 07.04.2026). Institutional permission from Van Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi will be obtained. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)

120

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienorte

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Erwachsene
  • Älterer Erwachsener

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Nein

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age 18 years or older
  2. Physician-diagnosed knee osteoarthritis according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria
  3. Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 (moderate) osteoarthritis
  4. Pain score of 4 or higher on Visual Analog Scale (VAS 0-10)
  5. No known allergy to Nigella sativa (black cumin) or Zingiber officinale (ginger) essential oils
  6. No open wounds on the knee or foot
  7. No previous knee surgery
  8. Not receiving any other alternative treatment (e.g., acupuncture, herbal therapy) during the study period
  9. Females must not be pregnant

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Age under 18 years
  2. Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1, 2, or 4
  3. VAS pain score below 4
  4. Known allergy to the essential oils used
  5. Open wound on knee or foot
  6. Previous knee surgery
  7. Receiving other alternative treatment during the study period
  8. Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  9. Unwillingness to participate or inability to provide informed consent

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Behandlung
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Keine (Offenes Etikett)

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: Hot Compress Application Group with Black Cumin Oil
Experimental group. Topical application of 15 drops of Nigella sativa (black cumin) essential oil to each knee with gentle massage, followed by hot compress (thermophore at 40-50°C wrapped in a towel) for 30 minutes. Applied once daily for 7 days. Patch test performed before first application to rule out allergy. Assessments at baseline and day 7: WOMAC, VAS-pain, VAS-satisfaction.

Black Cumin Oil was applied to both knees. This practice continued for 7 days. The final test was administered at the end of the 7th day.

Ginger Oil was applied to both strings. This practice continued for 7 days. The final test was administered at the end of the 7th day.

No intervention was made to the Control Group. He was provided with routine treatment.

Andere Namen:
  • Kontrollgruppe
  • Hot Compress with Ginger Oil Application Group
Experimental: Hot Compress with Ginger Oil Application Group
Experimental group. Topical application of 15 drops of Zingiber officinale (ginger) essential oil to each knee with gentle massage, followed by hot compress (thermophore at 40-50°C wrapped in a towel) for 30 minutes. Applied once daily for 7 days. Patch test performed before first application to rule out allergy. Assessments at baseline and day 7: WOMAC, VAS-pain, VAS-satisfaction.

Black Cumin Oil was applied to both knees. This practice continued for 7 days. The final test was administered at the end of the 7th day.

Ginger Oil was applied to both strings. This practice continued for 7 days. The final test was administered at the end of the 7th day.

No intervention was made to the Control Group. He was provided with routine treatment.

Andere Namen:
  • Kontrollgruppe
  • Hot Compress with Ginger Oil Application Group
Kein Eingriff: Control Group
Control group. Participants receive routine medical treatment only. No hot compress and no essential oil application will be performed. Data collection (patient information form, Kellgren-Lawrence staging, WOMAC, VAS-pain, VAS-satisfaction) will be done at baseline and on day 7.
Schein-Komparator: Sham Group
Participants in this group receive only hot compress application (thermophore at 40-50°C for 30 minutes once daily for 7 days). No essential oil is applied.

Black Cumin Oil was applied to both knees. This practice continued for 7 days. The final test was administered at the end of the 7th day.

Ginger Oil was applied to both strings. This practice continued for 7 days. The final test was administered at the end of the 7th day.

No intervention was made to the Control Group. He was provided with routine treatment.

Andere Namen:
  • Kontrollgruppe
  • Hot Compress with Ginger Oil Application Group

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) - Pain
Zeitfenster: Baseline and day 7
10 cm horizontal line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Participants mark their current pain intensity.
Baseline and day 7
WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index
Zeitfenster: Baseline and day 7
Validated 24-item questionnaire assessing pain, stiffness, and physical function in knee osteoarthritis. Each item scored 1-5 (none to extreme). Higher scores indicate worse symptoms.
Baseline and day 7

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) - Satisfaction
Zeitfenster: Baseline and day 7
10 cm horizontal line ranging from 0 (not satisfied at all) to 10 (completely satisfied). Participants rate their satisfaction with the treatment.
Baseline and day 7

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Ermittler

  • Studienleiter: Ercan Bakır, PhD, erzurum tecnical university

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

15. Mai 2025

Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)

15. August 2025

Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)

15. September 2025

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

13. Februar 2024

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

30. April 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

6. Mai 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

6. Mai 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

30. April 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. April 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • ercanzencefil

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

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NEIN

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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