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Trunk Control Exercises and Mirror Therapy on Balance and Posture in Parkinson's Disease

21. Mai 2026 aktualisiert von: University of Lahore

Effects of Trunk Control Exercises and Mirror Therapy on Balance and Posture in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is movement disorder of the nervous system that worsens over time. As nerve cells (neurons) in parts of the brain weaken or are damaged or die, people may begin to notice problems with movement, tremor, stiffness in the limbs or the trunk of the body, or impaired balance. As these symptoms become more obvious, people may have difficulty walking, talking, or completing other simple tasks. Not everyone with one or more of these symptoms has PD, as the symptoms appear in other diseases as well.

Both non-modifiable (age, gender) and modifiable risk factors such as occupation, exposure to pesticides, and depression have an association with PD. Several studies have suggested that Parkinson disease is more common in men. The MT mechanism is based on the concept of visual illusion. The movement of the non-paretic part in front of the mirror (reflective side) is perceived as that of the paretic body part (hidden beside the mirror). MT allows an individual to have an experience of normal movement, even for the severely paralyzed limb. In addition, wherever other rehabilitation methods fail to induce normal movements without any compensation, MT may act as a foundation step for further motor therapy. The perception of movement illusion, a neuropsychological phenomenon may induce neural activation of the lesioned brain and enhance associated motor recovery. Therefore the aim of this study is to compare the effects of truck control exercise program and mirror therapy on balance and postural instability in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Studienübersicht

Status

Rekrutierung

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

Parkinson's disease (PD) is movement disorder of the nervous system that worsens over time. As nerve cells (neurons) in parts of the brain weaken or are damaged or die, people may begin to notice problems with movement, tremor, stiffness in the limbs or the trunk of the body, or impaired balance. As these symptoms become more obvious, people may have difficulty walking, talking, or completing other simple tasks. Not everyone with one or more of these symptoms has PD, as the symptoms appear in other diseases as well. Both non-modifiable (age, gender) and modifiable risk factors such as occupation, exposure to pesticides, and depression have an association with PD. Several studies have suggested that Parkinson disease is more common in men. The MT mechanism is based on the concept of visual illusion. The movement of the non-paretic part in front of the mirror (reflective side) is perceived as that of the paretic body part (hidden beside the mirror). MT allows an individual to have an experience of normal movement, even for the severely paralyzed limb. In addition, wherever other rehabilitation methods fail to induce normal movements without any compensation, MT may act as a foundation step for further motor therapy. The perception of movement illusion, a neuropsychological phenomenon may induce neural activation of the lesioned brain and enhance associated motor recovery. Therefore the aim of this study is to compare the effects of truck control exercise program and mirror therapy on balance and postural instability in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Screening: Patients will be screened to meet inclusion criteria. The consent form will be taken from patients then patients will be randomly allocated into two groups (28 in each group). Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into experimental and control groups using the computer software. The study will be single-blinded. The assessor will be unaware of the treatment given to both groups. Data will be collected at baseline and then at the end of the sixth week. Before applying intervention, Berg Balance scale will be used to measure level of balance and goniometer will be used to measure two-dimensional angular deviations between the pelvis and the upper part of the trunk.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

36

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

Studieren Sie die Kontaktsicherung

Studienorte

    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
        • Rekrutierung
        • Nimra Nadeem
        • Kontakt:
        • Kontakt:
        • Hauptermittler:
          • Nimra Nadeem, MS-MSK

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Erwachsene
  • Älterer Erwachsener

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Nein

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • • 50-70 age(Bomasang-Layno et al., 2015)

    • Both genders (Bomasang-Layno et al., 2015)
    • Patient with grade 1,2,3 Parkinsonism (according to Hoehn and Yahr scale)
    • Patient taking fixed dose of medicines
    • No cognitive impairment (according to Mini-Mental scale 24-30 scoring) (Capecci et al., 2014)
    • The patient was able to get out of chairs and beds without assistance (Hoffmann et al., 2016).
    • Individuals without significant dyskinesias or "on-off" periods.(Lötzke et al., 2015)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • • Patient having any recent episode of epilepsy(Bomasang-Layno et al., 2015)

    • Patient has had any recent trauma. (Hong et al., 2009)
    • Individuals free from chronic diseases such as unstable cardiovascular disease that could compromise their safety during training or testing (Hoffmann et al., 2016).

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Behandlung
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Doppelt

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: Trunk control exercise
The participants will complete balance exercises which targeted their feedforward along with feedback postural reflexes. The exercise program will include three different groups of tasks: self-destabilizing movements such as rolling on the toes and bouncing a ball while walking as well as external destabilization tasks like balancing on foam surfaces and therapist-performed perturbations and coordinated arm movements during walking. The patients will undergo ten specific movements per session and medical staff raised the exercise difficulty level as they made improvement. The principal investigator will provide verbal instruction together with physical help if required.
The participants will complete balance exercises which targeted their feedforward along with feedback postural reflexes. The exercise program will include three different groups of tasks: self-destabilizing movements such as rolling on the toes and bouncing a ball while walking as well as external destabilization tasks like balancing on foam surfaces and therapist-performed perturbations and coordinated arm movements during walking. The patients will undergo ten specific movements per session and medical staff raised the exercise difficulty level as they made improvement. The principal investigator will provide verbal instruction together with physical help if required.
In this, each patient will be instructed to keep the affected limb in static position. The limb will be in the position of hip 90°, knee 90°, and ankle 90° for the short-sitting posture and in the position of hip 90°, knee 0°, and ankle neutral in the long-sitting posture. The position of the limb was ensured from time to time. The repetition will be modulated to complete the maximum time of each session. Weight bearing in standing (extended knee) 2-3 minutes, Weight bearing in standing on inclined wedge 2-3 minutes. Movements using associated reactions 10 repetitions, Knee flexion control in prone position 10 repetitions, Active-assistive movement using activities (medicinal ball, rocker board, pedocycle, jogger) for hip (flexion), knee (flexion-extension) and ankle (ankle dorsi flexion-plantar flexion) in sitting position 10 repetitions for each.
Experimental: Mirror therapy
In this, each patient will be instructed to keep the affected limb in static position. The limb will be in the position of hip 90°, knee 90°, and ankle 90° for the short-sitting posture and in the position of hip 90°, knee 0°, and ankle neutral in the long-sitting posture. The position of the limb was ensured from time to time. The repetition will be modulated to complete the maximum time of each session. Weight bearing in standing (extended knee) 2-3 minutes, Weight bearing in standing on inclined wedge 2-3 minutes. Movements using associated reactions 10 repetitions, Knee flexion control in prone position 10 repetitions, Active-assistive movement using activities (medicinal ball, rocker board, pedocycle, jogger) for hip (flexion), knee (flexion-extension) and ankle (ankle dorsi flexion-plantar flexion) in sitting position 10 repetitions for each.
The participants will complete balance exercises which targeted their feedforward along with feedback postural reflexes. The exercise program will include three different groups of tasks: self-destabilizing movements such as rolling on the toes and bouncing a ball while walking as well as external destabilization tasks like balancing on foam surfaces and therapist-performed perturbations and coordinated arm movements during walking. The patients will undergo ten specific movements per session and medical staff raised the exercise difficulty level as they made improvement. The principal investigator will provide verbal instruction together with physical help if required.
In this, each patient will be instructed to keep the affected limb in static position. The limb will be in the position of hip 90°, knee 90°, and ankle 90° for the short-sitting posture and in the position of hip 90°, knee 0°, and ankle neutral in the long-sitting posture. The position of the limb was ensured from time to time. The repetition will be modulated to complete the maximum time of each session. Weight bearing in standing (extended knee) 2-3 minutes, Weight bearing in standing on inclined wedge 2-3 minutes. Movements using associated reactions 10 repetitions, Knee flexion control in prone position 10 repetitions, Active-assistive movement using activities (medicinal ball, rocker board, pedocycle, jogger) for hip (flexion), knee (flexion-extension) and ankle (ankle dorsi flexion-plantar flexion) in sitting position 10 repetitions for each.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Berg Balance Scale:
Zeitfenster: 12 weeks
Using a series of pre-established exercises, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) evaluates a patient's objective ability-or lack thereof-to maintain balance (Lima et al., 2018). The fourteen things on the list are assessed on a five-point ordinal scale, with 0 being the lowest degree of function and 4 the greatest level. Completing the list takes approximately twenty minutes. It excludes the gait analysis. (Louie & Eng, 2018).
12 weeks

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-PG):
Zeitfenster: 12 weeks
The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-PG) posture and gait sub-scores were used to assess postural stability and gait problems. It is divided into four pieces. Each part has many points: zero for normal or no problems, one for minor problems, two for moderate problems, three for major problems, and four for severe problems.(Shen & Mak, 2015).
12 weeks

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Ermittler

  • Hauptermittler: Nimra Nadeem, MS (NMPT), University of Lahore
  • Hauptermittler: Hafiza Sana Ashraf, MS-MSK, University of Lahore

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

22. Dezember 2024

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

15. Juni 2026

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

20. Juni 2026

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

8. September 2025

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

21. Mai 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

27. Mai 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

27. Mai 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

21. Mai 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Dezember 2025

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • REC-UOL-/343/08/24

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

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NEIN

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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