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Validation of a Digital Caries Risk Assessment Questionnaire Against the CAMBRA Protocol in an Egyptian Adult Population

15. Juli 2026 aktualisiert von: Shereen Assem, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts

Validation of a Digital Caries Risk Assessment Questionnaire Against the CAMBRA Protocol in an Egyptian Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Diagnostic Agreement Study

This study is designed as a cross-sectional diagnostic agreement study conducted in accordance with the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD 2015) and the Guidelines for Reporting Agreement and Precision of Patient-reported Assessments (GRAPPA). The study evaluates the diagnostic agreement between the Digital Caries Risk Questionnaire (DCRQ), a novel patient self-administered digital instrument, and the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) protocol as the primary clinical comparator. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index is used as the reference standard for cumulative caries experience, with a threshold of DMFT ≥ 4 to identify individuals with high caries experience. Although the DMFT index reflects previous disease experience rather than future disease risk, it provides an objective clinical outcome for assessing construct validity. Accordingly, CAMBRA serves as the primary comparator for risk classification, whereas the DMFT index supports validation by evaluating the relationship between questionnaire-derived risk categories and cumulative clinical disease burden.

The methodological rationale for this study is based on the current evidence supporting contemporary caries risk assessment models. CAMBRA is recognized as one of the most extensively validated and widely implemented caries risk assessment systems and has demonstrated diagnostic performance comparable to other internationally accepted risk assessment models. Systematic evidence has shown that these validated models provide acceptable discriminatory ability and calibration for identifying individuals at increased risk of developing dental caries. Furthermore, recent evidence synthesizing longitudinal cohort studies has identified a consistent set of adult caries risk factors, including smoking, systemic diseases, water fluoridation exposure, educational level, fluoride toothpaste use, dietary sugar intake, bacterial plaque accumulation, and previous caries experience. These established determinants are comprehensively represented within the nine domains of the DCRQ, supporting its content validity. In addition, previous validation studies of simplified questionnaire-based caries risk assessment instruments have demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and significant associations between increasing risk categories and objective clinical indicators such as DMFT scores, plaque accumulation, white spot lesions, and active cavitated lesions. Collectively, these findings support the use of a cross-sectional diagnostic agreement design in which questionnaire-derived risk classification is evaluated against an established clinical risk assessment protocol and validated using objective measures of cumulative caries experience.

Studienübersicht

Status

Rekrutierung

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Studientyp

Beobachtungs

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

384

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

Studieren Sie die Kontaktsicherung

  • Name: Nermeen Kamal Hamza, Professor
  • Telefonnummer: +201211110660
  • E-Mail: nhamza@msa.edu.eg

Studienorte

    • Sixth of October
      • Giza, Sixth of October, Ägypten, 12566
        • Rekrutierung
        • October university for modern sciences and arts
        • Kontakt:

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Erwachsene
  • Älterer Erwachsener

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Probenahmeverfahren

Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichprobe

Studienpopulation

The study will be conducted at the Dental Outpatient Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, MSA University (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts), 6th October City, Cairo, Egypt. Consecutive sampling will be employed on designated study days to minimise selection bias, consistent with STARD 2015 recommendations for diagnostic accuracy studies.

Beschreibung

  • Inclusion Criteria

    1. Adults aged 18 to 65 years.
    2. Egyptian nationals or individuals who have resided in Egypt for at least 5 years.
    3. Able to read and understand Arabic or English.
    4. Presence of at least 10 natural teeth.
    5. Presenting for routine dental examination, preventive care, or treatment planning.
    6. Able and willing to provide written informed consent.
  • Exclusion Criteria

    1. Presence of acute dental pain or a dental emergency requiring immediate treatment at the time of enrollment.
    2. Severe cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder that would interfere with completion of the questionnaire or informed consent.
    3. Currently participating in another oral health research study.
    4. Complete edentulism or extensive fixed prosthetic rehabilitation that precludes assessment of the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index.

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

Kohorten und Interventionen

Gruppe / Kohorte
Intervention / Behandlung
Digital caries risk assessment
The Digital Caries Risk Questionnaire (DCRQ) is a patient self-administered digital instrument encompassing nine weighted risk domains: (1) disease indicators and dental history; (2) dietary and lifestyle habits; (3) oral hygiene practices and fluoride use; (4) salivary and gingival health; (5) medical conditions; (6) current medications; (7) water source and fluoride exposure; (8) tobacco and nicotine use; and (9) clinical symptoms. Each domain generates a weighted subscore; domain scores are summed to yield a total score (maximum 160 points), with predefined override rules applied to prevent underestimation of risk in participants presenting with strong disease indicators (e.g., multiple restorations, root canal treatments, or persistent dental pain), ensuring clinically appropriate classification regardless of total score. The total score maps to one of four ordered risk categories: Low (0-39), Moderate (40-79), High (80-119), and Very High (120-160).

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Cohen's weighted kappa
Zeitfenster: Baseline (single study visit)
The primary outcome is Cohen's weighted kappa (κw) with quadratic weights, computed between DCRQ and CAMBRA 4-level classifications (Low / Moderate / High / Very High). Both instruments share a 4-tier structure; no category collapsing is required. Minimum acceptable agreement: κw ≥ 0.41 (lower bound of 95% CI), corresponding to moderate agreement per Landis and Koch (1977). The 95% CI will be computed by bootstrap resampling (2,000 iterations).
Baseline (single study visit)

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Diagnostic accuracy of the Digital Caries Risk Questionnaire (DCRQ) for identifying participants with high cumulative caries experience (DMFT ≥ 4).
Zeitfenster: Baseline (single study visit)
Diagnostic accuracy will be evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) using DMFT ≥ 4 as the reference standard.
Baseline (single study visit)
Discriminative ability of the DCRQ for identifying participants with high cumulative caries experience.
Zeitfenster: Baseline (single study visit)
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis will be performed to determine the area under the curve (AUC) and the optimal DCRQ score cut-off for predicting DMFT ≥ 4.
Baseline (single study visit)
Independent predictors of high cumulative caries experience.
Zeitfenster: Baseline (single study visit)
Multivariable logistic regression will be used to identify independent predictors of DMFT ≥ 4 and estimate the contribution of each DCRQ domain after adjustment for relevant covariates.
Baseline (single study visit)
Internal consistency of the DCRQ.
Zeitfenster: Baseline (single study visit)
Internal consistency reliability will be assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Baseline (single study visit)
Test-retest reliability of the DCRQ.
Zeitfenster: 14 days after baseline
Test-retest reliability will be assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a nested subset of 60 participants who complete the DCRQ on two occasions separated by a 14-day interval.
14 days after baseline
Performance of the DCRQ across participant subgroups.
Zeitfenster: Baseline (single study visit)
Diagnostic performance and agreement of the DCRQ will be evaluated according to age, sex, educational level, and smoking status.
Baseline (single study visit)

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

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Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

5. Juni 2026

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

1. Oktober 2026

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

1. November 2026

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

9. Juli 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

15. Juli 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

21. Juli 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

21. Juli 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

15. Juli 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Juni 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • REC-D 12346-6

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Nein

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