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Development and Pilot Testing of Virtually Simulated Intervention for Patients Having Stuttering

21. September 2026 aktualisiert von: Riphah International University

This study aims to develop and pilot test a culturally appropriate virtual reality (VR)-based speech restructuring intervention for individuals with stuttering in Pakistan. During the development phase, five VR scenarios representing common real-life communication situations will be designed using a structured development process, including scenario generation, storyboarding, live-action role plays, expert review, and standard operating procedure (SOP) development. The scenarios will incorporate graded difficulty levels, speech restructuring practice, relaxation exercises, interactive avatars, and realistic audiovisual elements.

Following development, a pilot study will be conducted with 10 participants with stuttering aged 13-35 years to evaluate the feasibility, usability, and preliminary effectiveness of the intervention. Participants will receive 16 therapy sessions using the VR scenarios, with assessments conducted before and after the intervention to measure changes in stuttering severity, speech fluency, communication attitudes, associated motor behaviors, physiological factors, and sense of presence within the virtual environment. Findings from the pilot study will be used to refine the intervention before conducting a larger clinical trial.

Studienübersicht

Status

Noch keine Rekrutierung

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

This study consists of the development and pilot testing of a culturally adapted virtual reality (VR)-based speech restructuring intervention for individuals with stuttering in Pakistan. The overall objective is to design an immersive intervention that simulates everyday speaking situations while providing opportunities to practice speech restructuring techniques in a controlled and progressive virtual environment.

During the development phase, five VR scenarios will be created based on commonly encountered communication situations within the Pakistani cultural context. The scenarios will be developed with increasing levels of communication difficulty and will exclude culturally inappropriate or violent content. The development process will involve literature review, observation of real-life communication situations, brainstorming and ideation, storyboard development, live-action role plays, and conversion into immersive 3D virtual environments. A neutral adaptation environment will be included to familiarize participants with the VR system before exposure to therapeutic scenarios.

The VR intervention will be delivered using the Oculus Quest 2 head-mounted display. Each scenario will incorporate realistic environmental sounds, interactive avatars of different ages and genders, adjustable audience size and positioning, emotional expressions, varying question types, distractors, time-limited speaking tasks, relaxation exercises, and opportunities to practice speech restructuring techniques. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) will be developed to ensure standardized setup, equipment handling, participant safety, and intervention delivery. The content validity of the developed scenarios will be evaluated by six experts with at least two years of relevant professional experience using the Content Validity Index (CVI), and modifications will be made based on expert feedback.

Following development, a single-group pilot study will be conducted at Pakistan Railway Hospital to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of the intervention. Ten bilingual participants aged 13-35 years with mild to severe stuttering will be recruited according to predefined eligibility criteria. Individuals with additional communication disorders, neurological disorders, intellectual disabilities, or significant psychological conditions will be excluded.

Participants will undergo baseline assessment followed by 16 intervention sessions conducted three times per week, with each session lasting approximately 25 minutes. The intervention will begin with orientation and training in speech restructuring techniques, followed by progressive practice within five VR communication scenarios: lecture hall, grocery store, restaurant, telephone conversation, and job interview. The final sessions will focus on practicing all scenarios and facilitating the transfer of learned skills to real-life communication environments.

Outcome measures will be collected before and after the intervention using standardized assessment tools. These will include real-time analysis of speech fluency, dysfluency index, assessment of physiological factors associated with stuttering, the Modified S Scale for communication attitudes and emotions, assessment of associated motor behaviors, and the Presence Questionnaire to evaluate participants' experience within the virtual environment.

Data from the pilot study will be analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Descriptive statistics will summarize participant characteristics and feasibility outcomes. Changes between baseline and post-intervention assessments will be analyzed using either the paired-samples t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, depending on the distribution of the data. Feedback obtained during participant debriefing sessions will be used to further refine the VR intervention protocol before proceeding to a larger-scale clinical trial.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

10

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

Studienorte

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

13 Jahre bis 35 Jahre (Kind, Erwachsene)

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Nein

Studienberechtigte Geschlechter

Alle

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Participants having stuttering of any level will be included.
  • Participants having any primary behaviors like blocking, prolongations, Repetitions will be included.
  • Participants exhibiting any facial grimaces, body movements or muscular tensions will be included.
  • Age range 13-35 years (35)
  • Both Genders
  • Participants having stuttering severity from mild to severe
  • Bilingual population having at-least matriculation qualification

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants who have other communication problems with stuttering
  • Participants who have any associated medical condition like stroke, head trauma, or any other brain injury will also be excluded
  • Participants who had psychological problems, like depression and anxiety will be excluded from study.
  • Participants who had any intellectual or cognitive disability will be excluded from study.

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Behandlung
  • Zuteilung: N / A
  • Interventionsmodell: Einzelgruppenzuweisung
  • Maskierung: Keine (Offenes Etikett)

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: Virtually Simulated Intervention

Participants receive the virtually simulated intervention developed for the management of stuttering. The pilot study evaluates the feasibility and preliminary implementation of the intervention.

A standardized virtually simulated intervention comprising 2D video-based communication scenarios delivered using a Meta Quest 2 virtual reality headset. Participants viewed and controlled the playback of the simulated scenarios during therapy sessions according to the study protocol. Participants will receive intervention 3 days/week for 25 minutes. A total of 16 sessions will be conducted.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Severity of Stuttering
Zeitfenster: Baseline and approximately 6 weeks (post-test, immediately after completion of the 16-session intervention)

Change from baseline in percentage of syllables stuttered will be assessed to determine changes in speech fluency following the intervention. Speech samples consisting of 200 syllables will be analyzed. The percentage of syllables stuttered will be calculated by dividing the number of syllables containing stuttering events by the total number of syllables produced and multiplying by 100. A decrease in the percentage of syllables stuttered indicates an improvement in speech fluency.

Baseline and approximately 6 weeks (post-test, immediately after completion of the 16-session intervention)

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Overall Assessment of Speaker's Experience of Stuttering
Zeitfenster: Baseline and approximately 6 weeks]

Change from baseline in the overall impact of stuttering will be assessed using the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES). The OASES assesses the speaker's experience of stuttering across multiple domains, including general information about stuttering, reactions to stuttering, communication in daily situations, and quality of life. The instrument provides an overall impact score, with higher scores indicating a greater negative impact of stuttering on the individual's life. Changes in the overall impact score from baseline to post-test will be evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the intervention.

Baseline and approximately 6 weeks]

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Ermittler

  • Hauptermittler: Tehreem Ijaz, PhD Scholar, Riphah International University

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Geschätzt)

10. September 2026

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

15. Oktober 2026

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

15. Oktober 2026

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

5. August 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

21. September 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

22. September 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

22. September 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

21. September 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. September 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • REC/011100

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

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NEIN

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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