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Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction in Competitive 200-m Freestyle Swimmers (BFR-CLUSTER-SW)

24 août 2026 mis à jour par: Saif Rasheed Ghanim

Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction and 200-m Freestyle Performance, FGF-2, and VEGF-A Responses in Competitive Swimmers: A Matched Controlled Study

This study evaluated whether adding blood flow restriction (BFR) to cluster-based training could improve swimming performance and selected physiological responses in competitive swimmers. Twenty competitive swimmers were assigned using a matched, non-randomized design to either an experimental group performing cluster training combined with BFR or a control group performing the same cluster training without BFR. The intervention lasted 8 weeks, with five training sessions per week. The primary outcome was 200-m freestyle performance time. Secondary outcomes included serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), standing long jump performance, mean 50-m split time during a 150-m swimming test, and repetitions completed during a cadence-controlled Burpee test. The study was designed to determine whether BFR provided additional performance and physiological benefits beyond cluster training alone.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Complété

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Description détaillée

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a training method in which pneumatic cuffs are applied proximally to the limbs to partially restrict vascular flow during exercise. Cluster training divides traditional exercise sets into smaller clusters of repetitions separated by short intra-set recovery periods. Combining these two approaches may increase the physiological stimulus of training while allowing repeated high-quality exercise efforts.

This controlled, non-randomized matched-intervention study included 20 competitive 200-m freestyle swimmers. Participants were matched according to baseline 200-m freestyle performance, sex, and standing long jump distance and were assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group completed cluster training combined with BFR, whereas the control group completed cluster training without BFR.

The training intervention lasted 8 weeks and consisted of five 90-minute training sessions per week. Sessions included a standardized warm-up, a main training component, and a cool-down. Overall cardiovascular training intensity was prescribed relative to individual maximal heart rate, and cluster-based resistance exercises incorporated short intra-set recovery intervals.

BFR was applied only in the experimental group during selected dry-land cluster exercises using pneumatic cuffs positioned proximally on the upper arms and thighs. The cuffs remained inflated during exercise execution and short intra-set recovery periods and were deflated during the main inter-set recovery periods.

The primary outcome was change in 200-m freestyle performance time from baseline to the end of the 8-week intervention. Secondary outcomes included serum FGF-2 and VEGF-A concentrations, standing long jump distance, mean 50-m split time during a maximal 150-m swimming test, and performance in a cadence-controlled Burpee test. Blood samples were collected under standardized resting conditions to assess serum FGF-2 and VEGF-A concentrations.

The main objective was to determine whether the addition of BFR to cluster training was associated with greater improvements in swimming performance, selected physical-performance outcomes, and serum angiogenesis-related biomarkers compared with cluster training alone.

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Réel)

20

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Lieux d'étude

    • Muhafazat Salah ad Din
      • Samarra, Muhafazat Salah ad Din, Irak, 34010
        • Samarra Olympic Swimming Pool

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Enfant
  • Adulte

Accepte les volontaires sains

Oui

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

Competitive 200-m freestyle swimmers aged 17-20 years. At least 2 years of structured swimming training experience. Free from musculoskeletal injury for at least 6 months before enrollment. No previous regular experience with blood flow restriction training. Willing and able to complete the 8-week training intervention and all study assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

History of cardiovascular, metabolic, thrombotic, or other vascular conditions that could contraindicate blood flow restriction exercise.

Current use of medications known to affect vascular tone or blood coagulation. Musculoskeletal injury or medical condition preventing participation in maximal swimming or dry-land training.

Attendance below 85% of the scheduled intervention sessions.

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Autre
  • Répartition: Non randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: Cluster Training With Blood Flow Restriction
Participants in this arm completed an 8-week cluster-training program combined with blood flow restriction (BFR). Training was performed five sessions per week. Pneumatic cuffs were applied proximally to the upper arms and thighs during selected dry-land cluster exercises and intra-set recovery periods, and were deflated during the main inter-set recovery periods.
An 8-week cluster-training program performed five sessions per week, with blood flow restriction applied during selected dry-land cluster exercises using pneumatic cuffs positioned proximally on the upper arms and thighs.
Comparateur actif: Cluster Training Alone
Participants in this arm completed the same 8-week cluster-training program and overall training schedule as the experimental group, but without blood flow restriction. Training was performed five sessions per week.
An 8-week cluster-training program performed five sessions per week without blood flow restriction.

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Change in 200-m Freestyle Performance Time
Délai: Baseline and post-intervention at 8 weeks
Performance was assessed during a maximal 200-m freestyle swim in a standard 50-m pool using an electronic timing system with a precision of 0.01 s. Lower values indicate faster performance. The primary outcome was the change in performance time from baseline to the end of the 8-week intervention.
Baseline and post-intervention at 8 weeks

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

15 janvier 2026

Achèvement primaire (Réel)

19 mars 2026

Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)

15 juin 2026

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

21 août 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

21 août 2026

Première publication (Réel)

25 août 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

26 août 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

24 août 2026

Dernière vérification

1 août 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • SRG-BFR-SWIM-2026-01

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

NON

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .