- ICH GCP
- Registro degli studi clinici negli Stati Uniti
- Sperimentazione clinica NCT04492657
Study on the Compensatory Mechanism of Iodine Nutrition and the Optimal Intake Level of Lactating Women
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Condizioni
Intervento / Trattamento
Descrizione dettagliata
Studies indicate lactating women and their infants are the most vulnerable population to the adverse effects of iodine deficiency and excess, and because of the complexity of the study of lactating mothers and infants and the difficulty of sample collection, it is proposed to overcome this problem with the help of the advanced dried blood spot technique and iodine balance study method from the panel of Iodine Global Network (IGN). Investigators intend to recruit 900 late pregnant women in Tianjin, Hebei and Shandong;then establishing a dynamic cohort of breastfeeding mother-infant to 6 months after delivery to investigate the physiological compensatory mechanism of iodine nutrition in lactating women with the combination of animal experiment; On the other hand, 180 exclusively breastfeeding mother and infants within postpartum 0-6 months, will be selected to participate the iodine balance study.
Optimized method of iodine balance experiment of infants by both foreign partner and Pro. Zhang's team will be adopted to obtain the first iodine balance value of Chinese lactating women and infants,providing the direct evidence for the revision of DRIs in lactating women and infants, and guide the lactating women proper iodine supplementation to meet the requirements of both mothers and infants.
Tipo di studio
Iscrizione (Anticipato)
Contatti e Sedi
Contatto studio
- Nome: ying ye
- Numero di telefono: 022-83336717
- Email: yeying@tmu.edu.cn
Backup dei contatti dello studio
- Nome: WanQi Zhang, doctorate
- Numero di telefono: 022-83336595
- Email: wqzhang@tmu.edu.cn
Luoghi di studio
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Beijing, Cina
- Reclutamento
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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Contatto:
- ying ye
- Numero di telefono: 022-83336717
- Email: yeying@tmu.edu.cn
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Contatto:
- WanQi Zhang
- Numero di telefono: 022-83336595
- Email: wqzhang@tmu.edu.cn
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Shandong, Cina
- Reclutamento
- Shandong Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention
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Contatto:
- Zhang WanQi
- Numero di telefono: 022-83336595
- Email: wqzhang@tmu.edu.cn
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Contatto:
- Ye ying
- Numero di telefono: 022-83336717
- Email: yeying@tmu.edu.cn
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Massachusetts
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Boston, Massachusetts, Stati Uniti, 02101-02117
- Reclutamento
- Boston University School of Medicine; Iodine Global Network (IGN)
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Contatto:
- Elizabeth N Pearce
- Numero di telefono: 617-414-1348
- Email: elizabeth.pearce@bmc.org
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Zurich, Svizzera
- Reclutamento
- Swiss federal institute of Technology (ETH)
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Contatto:
- Michael B Zimmermann
- Numero di telefono: +41-44-632-8657
- Email: michael.zimmermann@hest.ethz.ch
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Sub-investigatore:
- Maria Andersson
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Criteri di partecipazione
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
Accetta volontari sani
Sessi ammissibili allo studio
Metodo di campionamento
Popolazione di studio
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria:
- Women in their third trimester:⑴Aged 18-40, who have lived in the area for 1 year;⑵Single pregnancy;⑶Those who have no special dietary habits;
- Lactating woman:⑴Breastfeeding a child;⑵Normal thyroid function during pregnancy;⑶Term delivery (38-42 weeks of gestation);
- Infants and young children:⑴0-6 months;⑵Breastfeeding;⑶Full term (38-42 weeks of gestation);⑷Normal birth weight (2500-4000g);⑸The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value of heel blood was normal;⑹Apgar score 8.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Women in their third trimester:⑴Smoking or drinking;⑵Iodized drugs or contrast agents have been used in the past year;⑶A history of thyroid disease, autoimmune disease, endocrine disease, heart disease, chronic disease or family hereditary disease, etc;
- Lactating woman:⑴A history of thyroid disease, autoimmune disease, endocrine disease, heart disease, chronic disease or family hereditary disease, etc;
- Infants and young children:⑴Have pathological jaundice, autoimmune disease, congenital heart disease and other diseases.
Piano di studio
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
|
Disposable random urine
Lasso di tempo: baseline
|
μg/L
|
baseline
|
|
Venous blood
Lasso di tempo: baseline
|
μg/L
|
baseline
|
|
Water iodine intake
Lasso di tempo: baseline
|
μg/day
|
baseline
|
|
Salt iodine concentration
Lasso di tempo: baseline
|
μg/day
|
baseline
|
|
Colostrum
Lasso di tempo: 1 week
|
μg/L
|
1 week
|
|
Mother and child urine randomly at one time
Lasso di tempo: 1 week
|
μg/L
|
1 week
|
|
Neonatal heel blood
Lasso di tempo: 1 week
|
μg/L
|
1 week
|
|
Thyroglobulin(TG)
Lasso di tempo: 1 week
|
ug/L
|
1 week
|
|
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Lasso di tempo: 1 week
|
mIU/L
|
1 week
|
|
Infant disposable random urine
Lasso di tempo: 4 weeks
|
μg/L
|
4 weeks
|
|
Infant disposable random urine
Lasso di tempo: 24 weeks
|
μg/L
|
24 weeks
|
|
Infant disposable random urine
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
|
μg/L
|
12 weeks
|
|
24 h urine
Lasso di tempo: 4 weeks
|
μg/L
|
4 weeks
|
|
24 h urine
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
|
μg/L
|
12 weeks
|
|
24 h urine
Lasso di tempo: 24 weeks
|
μg/L
|
24 weeks
|
|
Urinary iodine excretion
Lasso di tempo: 4 weeks
|
μg/day
|
4 weeks
|
|
Urinary iodine excretion
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
|
μg/day
|
12 weeks
|
|
Urinary iodine excretion
Lasso di tempo: 24 weeks
|
μg/day
|
24 weeks
|
|
Milk output
Lasso di tempo: 4 weeks
|
μg/day
|
4 weeks
|
|
Milk output
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
|
μg/day
|
12 weeks
|
|
Milk output
Lasso di tempo: 24 weeks
|
μg/day
|
24 weeks
|
|
Milk iodine excretion
Lasso di tempo: 4 weeks
|
μg/day
|
4 weeks
|
|
Milk iodine excretion
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
|
μg/day
|
12 weeks
|
|
Milk iodine excretion
Lasso di tempo: 24 weeks
|
μg/day
|
24 weeks
|
|
Average iodine intake
Lasso di tempo: 4 weeks
|
μg/day
|
4 weeks
|
|
Average iodine intake
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
|
μg/day
|
12 weeks
|
|
Average iodine intake
Lasso di tempo: 24 weeks
|
μg/day
|
24 weeks
|
|
Thyroid volume
Lasso di tempo: 1 week
|
cm³
|
1 week
|
|
Thyroid volume
Lasso di tempo: 4 weeks
|
cm³
|
4 weeks
|
|
Thyroid volume
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
|
cm³
|
12 weeks
|
|
Thyroid volume
Lasso di tempo: 24 weeks
|
cm³
|
24 weeks
|
|
Thyroid nodule
Lasso di tempo: 1 week
|
cm³
|
1 week
|
|
Thyroid nodule
Lasso di tempo: 4 weeks
|
cm³
|
4 weeks
|
|
Thyroid nodule
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
|
cm³
|
12 weeks
|
|
Thyroid nodule
Lasso di tempo: 24 weeks
|
cm³
|
24 weeks
|
|
Dried blood spot(DBS)
Lasso di tempo: 3 days
|
μg/L
|
3 days
|
|
Dried blood spot(DBS)
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
|
μg/L
|
12 weeks
|
|
Diet iodine intake
Lasso di tempo: 1 week
|
μg/day
|
1 week
|
|
Fecal iodine excretion
Lasso di tempo: 1 week
|
μg/day
|
1 week
|
Collaboratori e investigatori
Sponsor
Investigatori
- Investigatore principale: ZiYun Pan, Tianjin Medical University
- Investigatore principale: JianQiang Lai, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Investigatore principale: XueSong Wang, Shandong Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention
- Investigatore principale: YiFan Duan, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Investigatore principale: GuiJun Tan, Tianjin Medical University
- Investigatore principale: Wen Chen, Tianjin Medical University
- Investigatore principale: YanTing Chen, Tianjin Medical University
- Investigatore principale: Min Gao, Tianjin Medical University
- Cattedra di studio: Michael B Zimmermann, doctorate, Swiss federal institute of Technology (ETH)
- Cattedra di studio: Elizabeth N Pearce, doctorate, Boston University School of Medicine; Iodine Global Network (IGN)
- Cattedra di studio: Maria Andersson, doctorate, Swiss federal institute of Technology (ETH); Iodine Global Network (IGN)
Pubblicazioni e link utili
Pubblicazioni generali
- Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222310/
- Stinca S, Andersson M, Herter-Aeberli I, Chabaa L, Cherkaoui M, El Ansari N, Aboussad A, Weibel S, Zimmermann MB. Moderate-to-Severe Iodine Deficiency in the "First 1000 Days" Causes More Thyroid Hypofunction in Infants Than in Pregnant or Lactating Women. J Nutr. 2017 Apr;147(4):589-595. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.244665. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
- Sang Z, Wang PP, Yao Z, Shen J, Halfyard B, Tan L, Zhao N, Wu Y, Gao S, Tan J, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhang W. Exploration of the safe upper level of iodine intake in euthyroid Chinese adults: a randomized double-blind trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;95(2):367-73. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.028001. Epub 2011 Dec 28.
- Chen W, Li X, Wu Y, Bian J, Shen J, Jiang W, Tan L, Wang X, Wang W, Pearce EN, Zimmermann MB, Carriquiry AL, Zhang W. Associations between iodine intake, thyroid volume, and goiter rate in school-aged Chinese children from areas with high iodine drinking water concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Jan;105(1):228-233. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.139725. Epub 2016 Dec 7.
- Chen W, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Wang W, Tan L, Bian J, Pearce EN, Zimmermann MB, Shen J, Zhang W. Adverse effects on thyroid of Chinese children exposed to long-term iodine excess: optimal and safe Tolerable Upper Intake Levels of iodine for 7- to 14-y-old children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 May 1;107(5):780-788. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy011.
- Sang Z, Wei W, Zhao N, Zhang G, Chen W, Liu H, Shen J, Liu J, Yan Y, Zhang W. Thyroid dysfunction during late gestation is associated with excessive iodine intake in pregnant women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug;97(8):E1363-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-3438. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
- Tan L, Tian X, Wang W, Guo X, Sang Z, Li X, Zhang P, Sun Y, Tang C, Xu Z, Shen J, Zhang W. Exploration of the appropriate recommended nutrient intake of iodine in healthy Chinese women: an iodine balance experiment. Br J Nutr. 2019 Mar 14;121(5):519-528. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518003653. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
- Dold S, Zimmermann MB, Baumgartner J, Davaz T, Galetti V, Braegger C, Andersson M. A dose-response crossover iodine balance study to determine iodine requirements in early infancy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Sep;104(3):620-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.134049. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
- Dold S, Zimmermann MB, Aboussad A, Cherkaoui M, Jia Q, Jukic T, Kusic Z, Quirino A, Sang Z, San Luis TO, Vandea E, Andersson M. Breast Milk Iodine Concentration Is a More Accurate Biomarker of Iodine Status Than Urinary Iodine Concentration in Exclusively Breastfeeding Women. J Nutr. 2017 Apr;147(4):528-537. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.242560. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
- Dworkin HJ, Jacquez JA, Beierwaltes WH. Relationship of iodine ingestion to iodine excretion in pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1966 Dec;26(12):1329-42. doi: 10.1210/jcem-26-12-1329. No abstract available.
- Pearce EN, Andersson M, Zimmermann MB. Global iodine nutrition: Where do we stand in 2013? Thyroid. 2013 May;23(5):523-8. doi: 10.1089/thy.2013.0128. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
- Brough L, Thomson BM, Skeaff SA. Revisiting the Iodine Global Network's definition of iodine status by country. Br J Nutr. 2016 Jan 28;115(2):374-6. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515004389. Epub 2015 Dec 2. No abstract available.
- Chen W, Wu Y, Lin L, Tan L, Shen J, Pearce EN, Guo X, Wang W, Bian J, Jiang W, Zhang W. 24-Hour Urine Samples Are More Reproducible Than Spot Urine Samples for Evaluation of Iodine Status in School-Age Children. J Nutr. 2016 Jan;146(1):142-6. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.215806. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
- Chen W, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Wang W, Wang X, Pearce EN, Tan L, Shen J, Zhang W. Shift of Reference Values for Thyroid Volume by Ultrasound in 8- to 13-Year-Olds with Sufficient Iodine Intake in China. Thyroid. 2019 Mar;29(3):405-411. doi: 10.1089/thy.2018.0412.
- Pan Z, Cui T, Chen W, Gao S, Pearce EN, Wang W, Chen Y, Guo W, Tan L, Shen J, Zhang W. Serum iodine concentration in pregnant women and its association with urinary iodine concentration and thyroid function. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019 May;90(5):711-718. doi: 10.1111/cen.13945. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
- Zhang Y, Du C, Wang W, Chen W, Shao P, Wang C, Leng J, Shen J, Tan L, Zhang W. Effect of maternal and neonatal factors on neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone: Results from a population-based prospective cohort study in China. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2018 Sep;49:151-156. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.05.008. Epub 2018 May 25.
- Chen Y, Chen W, Du C, Fan L, Wang W, Gao M, Zhang Y, Cui T, Hao Y, Pearce EN, Wang C, Zhang W. Iodine Nutrition and Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women Exposed to Different Iodine Sources. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019 Jul;190(1):52-59. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1530-8. Epub 2018 Oct 2.
- Chen W, Sang Z, Tan L, Zhang S, Dong F, Chu Z, Wei W, Zhao N, Zhang G, Yao Z, Shen J, Zhang W. Neonatal thyroid function born to mothers living with long-term excessive iodine intake from drinking water. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015 Sep;83(3):399-404. doi: 10.1111/cen.12625. Epub 2014 Nov 5.
- Bizhanova A, Kopp P. Minireview: The sodium-iodide symporter NIS and pendrin in iodide homeostasis of the thyroid. Endocrinology. 2009 Mar;150(3):1084-90. doi: 10.1210/en.2008-1437. Epub 2009 Feb 5.
- Suzuki K, Kimura H, Wu H, Kudo N, Kim WB, Suzuki S, Yoshida A, Caturegli P, Kohn LD. Excess iodide decreases transcription of NIS and VEGF genes in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Mar 5;393(2):286-90. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.123. Epub 2010 Feb 2.
- Kleinau G, Biebermann H. Constitutive activities in the thyrotropin receptor: regulation and significance. Adv Pharmacol. 2014;70:81-119. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-417197-8.00003-1.
- Van Sande J, Dequanter D, Lothaire P, Massart C, Dumont JE, Erneux C. Thyrotropin stimulates the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in human thyroid cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Mar;91(3):1099-107. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-1324. Epub 2005 Dec 29.
- Thomasz L, Oglio R, Salvarredi L, Perona M, Rossich L, Copelli S, Pisarev M, Juvenal G. Regulation of NADPH oxidase NOX4 by delta iodolactone (IL-delta) in thyroid cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018 Jul 15;470:115-126. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.10.004. Epub 2017 Oct 7.
- Calil-Silveira J, Serrano-Nascimento C, Kopp PA, Nunes MT. Iodide excess regulates its own efflux: a possible involvement of pendrin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2016 Apr 1;310(7):C576-82. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00210.2015. Epub 2016 Jan 20.
- Perron B, Rodriguez AM, Leblanc G, Pourcher T. Cloning of the mouse sodium iodide symporter and its expression in the mammary gland and other tissues. J Endocrinol. 2001 Jul;170(1):185-96. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1700185.
- Ryan J, Curran CE, Hennessy E, Newell J, Morris JC, Kerin MJ, Dwyer RM. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and potential regulators in normal, benign and malignant human breast tissue. PLoS One. 2011 Jan 19;6(1):e16023. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016023.
- Nicola JP, Reyna-Neyra A, Carrasco N, Masini-Repiso AM. Dietary iodide controls its own absorption through post-transcriptional regulation of the intestinal Na+/I- symporter. J Physiol. 2012 Dec 1;590(23):6013-26. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.241307. Epub 2012 Sep 24.
- De la Vieja A, Santisteban P. Role of iodide metabolism in physiology and cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2018 Apr;25(4):R225-R245. doi: 10.1530/ERC-17-0515. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
- Yu X, Shen H, Liu L, Lin L, Gao M, Wang S. Changes of sodium iodide symporter regulated by IGF-I and TGF-beta1 in mammary gland cells from lactating mice at different iodine levels. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2012 Apr;146(1):73-8. doi: 10.1007/s12011-011-9227-2. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
- Huynh D, Condo D, Gibson R, Muhlhausler B, Ryan P, Skeaff S, Makrides M, Zhou SJ. Iodine status of postpartum women and their infants in Australia after the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification. Br J Nutr. 2017 Jun;117(12):1656-1662. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517001775.
- Chung HR, Shin CH, Yang SW, Choi CW, Kim BI. Subclinical hypothyroidism in Korean preterm infants associated with high levels of iodine in breast milk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Nov;94(11):4444-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0632. Epub 2009 Oct 6.
- Liu L, Wang D, Liu P, Meng F, Wen D, Jia Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Jiang P, Shen H. The relationship between iodine nutrition and thyroid disease in lactating women with different iodine intakes. Br J Nutr. 2015 Nov 14;114(9):1487-95. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515003128. Epub 2015 Sep 14.
- Aakre I, Bjoro T, Norheim I, Strand TA, Barikmo I, Henjum S. Excessive iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction among lactating Saharawi women. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;31:279-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.09.009. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
- Nazeri P, Zarghani NH, Mirmiran P, Hedayati M, Mehrabi Y, Azizi F. Iodine Status in Pregnant Women, Lactating Mothers, and Newborns in an Area with More Than Two Decades of Successful Iodine Nutrition. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016 Jul;172(1):79-85. doi: 10.1007/s12011-015-0575-1. Epub 2015 Dec 2.
- Nazeri P, Dalili H, Mehrabi Y, Hedayati M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Breast Milk Iodine Concentration Rather than Maternal Urinary Iodine Is a Reliable Indicator for Monitoring Iodine Status of Breastfed Neonates. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2018 Sep;185(1):71-77. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1246-9. Epub 2018 Jan 25.
- Henjum S, Kjellevold M, Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Shrestha PS, Froyland L, Strydom EE, Dhansay MA, Strand TA. Iodine Concentration in Breastmilk and Urine among Lactating Women of Bhaktapur, Nepal. Nutrients. 2016 Apr 28;8(5):255. doi: 10.3390/nu8050255.
- Chan SS, Hams G, Wiley V, Wilcken B, McElduff A. Postpartum maternal iodine status and the relationship to neonatal thyroid function. Thyroid. 2003 Sep;13(9):873-6. doi: 10.1089/105072503322401078.
- Wang W, Sun Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Chen W, Tan L, Shen J, Zhao Z, Lan S, Zhang W. Breast milk and infant iodine status during the first 12 weeks of lactation in Tianjin City, China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2018;27(2):393-398. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.062017.03.
- Henjum S, Barikmo I, Strand TA, Oshaug A, Torheim LE. Iodine-induced goitre and high prevalence of anaemia among Saharawi refugee women. Public Health Nutr. 2012 Aug;15(8):1512-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011002886. Epub 2011 Nov 7.
- Zimmermann MB, de Benoist B, Corigliano S, Jooste PL, Molinari L, Moosa K, Pretell EA, Al-Dallal ZS, Wei Y, Zu-Pei C, Torresani T. Assessment of iodine status using dried blood spot thyroglobulin: development of reference material and establishment of an international reference range in iodine-sufficient children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec;91(12):4881-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-1370. Epub 2006 Sep 12.
- Zimmermann MB, Moretti D, Chaouki N, Torresani T. Development of a dried whole-blood spot thyroglobulin assay and its evaluation as an indicator of thyroid status in goitrous children receiving iodized salt. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jun;77(6):1453-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/77.6.1453.
- Farebrother J, Zimmermann MB, Assey V, Castro MC, Cherkaoui M, Fingerhut R, Jia Q, Jukic T, Makokha A, San Luis TO, Wegmuller R, Andersson M. Thyroglobulin Is Markedly Elevated in 6- to 24-Month-Old Infants at Both Low and High Iodine Intakes and Suggests a Narrow Optimal Iodine Intake Range. Thyroid. 2019 Feb;29(2):268-277. doi: 10.1089/thy.2018.0321.
- Ingenbleek Y, Malvaux P. Iodine balance studies in protein-calorie malnutrition. Arch Dis Child. 1974 Apr;49(4):305-9. doi: 10.1136/adc.49.4.305.
- Knudsen N, Bulow I, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Laurberg P. Serum Tg--a sensitive marker of thyroid abnormalities and iodine deficiency in epidemiological studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Aug;86(8):3599-603. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.8.7772.
- Zimmermann MB, Aeberli I, Andersson M, Assey V, Yorg JA, Jooste P, Jukic T, Kartono D, Kusic Z, Pretell E, San Luis TO Jr, Untoro J, Timmer A. Thyroglobulin is a sensitive measure of both deficient and excess iodine intakes in children and indicates no adverse effects on thyroid function in the UIC range of 100-299 mug/L: a UNICEF/ICCIDD study group report. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Mar;98(3):1271-80. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-3952. Epub 2013 Jan 23.
- Yan YQ, Dong ZL, Dong L, Wang FR, Yang XM, Jin XY, Lin LX, Sun YN, Chen ZP. Trimester- and method-specific reference intervals for thyroid tests in pregnant Chinese women: methodology, euthyroid definition and iodine status can influence the setting of reference intervals. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011 Feb;74(2):262-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03910.x.
- Mao IF, Ko YC, Chen ML. The stability of iodine in human sweat. Jpn J Physiol. 1990;40(5):693-700. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.40.693.
- Swanson CA, Zimmermann MB, Skeaff S, Pearce EN, Dwyer JT, Trumbo PR, Zehaluk C, Andrews KW, Carriquiry A, Caldwell KL, Egan SK, Long SE, Bailey RL, Sullivan KM, Holden JM, Betz JM, Phinney KW, Brooks SP, Johnson CL, Haggans CJ. Summary of an NIH workshop to identify research needs to improve the monitoring of iodine status in the United States and to inform the DRI. J Nutr. 2012 Jun;142(6):1175S-85S. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.156448. Epub 2012 May 2.
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- NSFC-8191001159
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