Developing Biomarker-Supported Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD) Prevention

실험적: Psychosocial intervention group

행동: Psychosocial intervention group

Over 16 weeks, participants and their parent(s)/legal guardian(s)/other family member(s) will attend weekly hour long family-based psychosocial intervention to work on their top 2 modifiable SSD-risk factors targeted by the risk reduction therapy (RRT)

Change in persistent distressing psychotic-like experiences as assessed by a modified Prodromal Questionnaire Brief-Child Version (PQ-BC) questionnaire

This is a 21 item questionnaire and items are scored as 0 (symptom not endorsed) or 1 (symptom endorsed). Items endorsed are further assessed for level of distress (1-5) and chronicity (present 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, or more than 2 years ago). The total symptom score is calculated as the sum of distress ratings of all items at baseline with 1) "Did it bother you?" answered "Y" AND 2) endorsed as distressing at one or more previous time points. The range of the total symptom score is 0 to 105. Higher scores indicate greater distressing and persistent psychotic-like experiences.

Change in Cognitive Function as Assessed by the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Test Battery

Change in Cognitive Function as assessed by the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Test Battery (List Sorting Working Memory and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed subtests) and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT). Measured at baseline, end-of-intervention (16 weeks after baseline), and 1-year follow-up. Higher scores indicate better cognitive performance. For NIH Tooolbox, raw scores of the test taker are compared to the scores in the NIH Toolbox nationally representative normative sample to derive standard scores. The mean standard score is 100 and the standard deviation (SD) is 15. A score at or near 100 indicates average ability compared with others. Scores around 115 suggest above-average ability. Scores around 130 suggest superior ability (in the top 2 percent nationally). A score around 85 suggests below-average ability. A score in the range of 70 or below suggests significant impairment. For the RAVLT, raw scores will be used.

Change in psychopathology measured by the Child or Adult Behavior Checklist (CBCL or ABCL)

CBCL and ABCL are questionnaires containing ~120 items and each problem item is scored as: 0 (not true) 1(somewhat or sometimes true) and 2 (very true or often true). Raw scores are summed and converted to age- and sex-normed T-scores. Higher T-scores indicate greater overall psychopathology. Scores between 50 and 64 are within the normal range. Scores between 65 and 69 are within the borderline range. Scores above 70 are within the clinical range.

Change in stress level measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

This is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored on a 5-point scale from 0(never) to 4 (very often). Positively worded items are reverse scored, and all items are summed to generate a total score ranging from 0 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress.