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Cognitive Effects of Music and Dance Training in Children
Cognitive Effects of Music and Dance Training in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The study used a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of two interventions (dance and musical training) for typically developing children. Interventions were run for three weeks in local community locations. Participants were tested before and after the intervention on a battery of cognitive and behavioural measures. They were compared across groups, and to a control group who do not receive the intervention.
The purpose of the current study was to assess the influence of dance and musical training on cognitive development. Research has indicated that musical training is associated with improve cognitive functioning, although the direction of such an association is unclear. Further, it is uncertain whether any benefits are specific to musical training or can also be demonstrated with other training activities. The current study used a randomized controlled trial to assess the causal effects of dance and musical training.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Conditie
Interventie / Behandeling
Gedetailleerde beschrijving
Participants Monolingual children aged between six and nine years old were recruited from two local communities in Ontario, Canada. Children with developmental delays, learning disabilities, or previous arts training were excluded from the study.
Participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups
- Dance intervention group
- Music intervention group
To establish baseline performance levels and have a comparison, a passive control group was collected from the same towns using the same exclusion criteria.
Data analysis Difference scores were calculated for each measure by subtracting each participant's second testing session data from the first. When appropriate, iterative trimming with a 3 SD cutoff was used, by subject and by condition, to remove outliers. Results for each measure were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs (analysis of variance) for the between-subjects factor of training group (music, dance, or control).
Studietype
Inschrijving (Werkelijk)
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- Monolingual
Exclusion Criteria:
- Developmental delays or learning disabilities
- Previous arts training (in dance, drama, or music)
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Fundamentele wetenschap
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Verdrievoudigen
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / Behandeling |
|---|---|
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Experimenteel: Music Training
|
Training curriculums were developed using guidelines set by the Ontario Ministry of Education (The Ontario Curriculum, 2009) for teaching music to grades 1 to 3. Music was delineated into duration, pitch, dynamics and other expressive controls, timbre, texture/harmony, and form.
training included direct instruction and group activities.
All training programs had the same structure: a warm-up period, following by instruction from a teacher, and then group activities to practically demonstrate the concepts learned.
Both programs involved working towards a variety of ensembles.
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Actieve vergelijker: Dance Training
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As with music training, dance was operationally defined by fundamental concepts for the art form, namely elements for body, space, time, energy, and relationship.
The intervention involved both individual and group activities, with a combination of instruction and practical activities, and preparation for a final performance.
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Geen tussenkomst: Passive control group
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Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in visuospatial working memory
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Self-ordered pointing task (Cragg & Nation, 2007)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Change in interference control on flanker
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Flanker task (Bunge, Dudukovic, Thomason, Vaidya, & Gabriela, 2002)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Change in color-shape task switching
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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color-shape task (Wiseheart, Viswanathan, & Bialystok, 2015)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Change in verbal working memory
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Digit span (Weschler, 2008)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Change in interference control on Stroop
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Stroop task (Cepeda, Blackwell, & Munakata, 2013)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Change in quantity-identity task switching
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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quantity-identity task (Cepeda, Cepeda, & Kramer, 2000)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Change in processing speed using box completion
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Box completion (Salthouse, 1993)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Change in Non-verbal intelligence
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT-2; Kaufman & Kaufman, 2004)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Change in Receptive vocabulary
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-IV; Dunn, Dunn, & Lenhard, 2015)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Change in processing speed using digit symbol
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Digit symbol (Weschler, 1991)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Change in processing speed using symbol copy
Tijdsspanne: Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Symbol copy (Weschler, 1991)
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Before and after intervention (3 weeks gap)
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Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Sponsor
Studie record data
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Werkelijk)
Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)
Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatst geverifieerd
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- YorkU-MD1
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
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