Co-ingestion of cluster dextrin carbohydrate does not increase exogenous protein-derived amino acid release or myofibrillar protein synthesis following a whole-body resistance exercise in moderately trained younger males: a double-blinded randomized controlled crossover trial

Yusuke Nishimura, Mikkel Jensen, Jacob Bülow, Thomas Tagmose Thomsen, Takuma Arimitsu, Gerrit van Hall, Satoshi Fujita, Lars Holm, Yusuke Nishimura, Mikkel Jensen, Jacob Bülow, Thomas Tagmose Thomsen, Takuma Arimitsu, Gerrit van Hall, Satoshi Fujita, Lars Holm

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates if co-ingestion of cluster dextrin (CDX) augments the appearance of intrinsically labeled meat protein hydrolysate-derived amino acid (D5-phenylalanine), Akt/mTORC1 signaling, and myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR).

Methods: Ten moderately trained healthy males (age: 21.5 ± 2.1 years, body mass: 75.7 ± 7.6 kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.9 ± 2.1 kg/m2) were included for a double-blinded randomized controlled crossover trial. Either 75 g of CDX or glucose (GLC) was given in conjunction with meat protein hydrolysate (0.6 g protein * FFM-1) following a whole-body resistance exercise. A primed-continuous intravenous infusion of L-[15N]-phenylalanine with serial muscle biopsies and venous blood sampling was performed.

Results: A time × group interaction effect was found for serum D5-phenylalanine enrichment (P < 0.01). Serum EAA and BCAA concentrations showed a main effect for group (P < 0.05). Tmax serum BCAA was greater in CDX as compared to GLC (P < 0.05). However, iAUC of all serum parameters did not differ between CDX and GLC (P > 0.05). Tmax serum EAA showed a trend towards a statistical significance favoring CDX over GLC. The phosphorylation of p70S6KThr389, rpS6Ser240/244, ERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204 was greater in CDX compared to GLC (P < 0.05). However, postprandial myofibrillar FSR did not differ between CDX and GLC (P = 0.17).

Conclusion: In moderately trained younger males, co-ingestion of CDX with meat protein hydrolysate does not augment the postprandial amino acid availability or myofibrillar FSR as compared to co-ingestion of GLC during the recovery from a whole-body resistance exercise despite an increased intramuscular signaling.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03303729 (registered on October 3, 2017).

Keywords: Amino acids; Intrinsically labeled protein; Muscle protein synthesis; Resistance exercise; Stable isotope tracer; mTORC1.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic overview of crossover study design (a) and experimental protocol (b). DXA dual X-ray absorptiometry; RM repetition maximum, EX exercise, B muscle biopsy, GLC glucose, CDX cluster dextrin
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A CONSORT flowchart diagram
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The time course of serum D5-phenylalanine enrichment (a), phenylalanine (b), EAA (c) insulin (d) BCAA (e) muscle BCAA (f) concentrations. The vertical dot line on each graph (at t = 0) indicates the transition from postabsorptive to postprandial conditions via the ingestion of meat protein hydrolysate (0.6 g protein * FFM−1) with either 75 g of GLC (n = 10) or CDX (n = 10) following a whole-body resistance exercise. Data were analyzed with the use of a 2-factor [time × group (GLC compared with CDX)] ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test to locate individual differences. Values are means ± SEM. Significance was set at P < 0.05. There was a main effect of time for serum D5-phenylalanine enrichment, phenylalanine, EAA, BCAA, insulin concentrations and (P < 0.0001) and muscle BCAA (P < 0.05). There was a main effect of group (GLC compared with CDX) for serum EAA and BCAA concentrations (P < 0.05). There was a time × group interaction effect for D5-phenylalanine enrichment (P < 0.05). *, **, **** denotes significant difference from basal (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, respectively). TTR tracer to tracee ratio, GLC glucose, CDX cluster dextrin, BCAA branched-chain amino acids
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The time course of serum 15N-phenylalanine enrichment (a) and myofibrillar FSR over a 2.5-h postprandial period (b). The vertical dot line on each graph (at t = 0) indicates the transition from postabsorptive to postprandial conditions via the ingestion of meat protein hydrolysate (0.6 g protein * FFM−1) with either 75 g of GLC (n = 10) or CDX (n = 10) following a whole-body resistance exercise. Serum 15N-phenylalanine enrichment was analyzed with the use of a 2-factor [time × group (GLC compared with CDX)] ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test to locate individual differences. Values are means ± SEM. Significance was set at P < 0.05. There was a main effect of time for serum 15N-phenylalanine enrichment (P < 0.0001). Myofibrillar FSR was analyzed with the use of a paired t-test (two-tailed). n = 10/group. Values are means ± SEM. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Analysis revealed no statistical difference between GLC and CDX (P = 0.17). MPE mole percent excess, FSR fractional synthesis rate, GLC glucose, CDX cluster dextrin
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The phosphorylation of AktSer473 (a), p70S6KThr389 (b), 4E-BP1Thr37/46 (c), rpS6Ser240/244 (d), eEF2Thr56 (e), ERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204 (f), AMPKαThr172 (g) at 30, 60, 180 min after the ingestion of meat protein hydrolysate (0.6 g protein * FFM−1) with either GLC (n = 10) or CDX (n = 10). Data were analyzed with the use of a 2-factor [time × group (GLC compared with CDX)] ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparisons test to locate individual differences. The data were expressed relative to baseline. Values are means ± SEM. There was a main effect of time for AktSer473, p70S6KThr389, rpS6Ser240/244, 4E-BP1Thr37/46, eEF2Thr56, ERK1/2Thr202/ Tyr204, and AMPKαThr172 (P < 0.05). There was a main effect of group (GLC compared with CDX) for AktSer473 p70S6KThr389, rpS6Ser240/244, ERK1/2Thr202/ Tyr204 (P < 0.05). There was a time × group interaction effect for p70S6KThr389, rpS6Ser240/244, ERK1/2Thr202/ Tyr204, AMPKαThr172 (P < 0.05). Significance was set at P < 0.05. *, **, **** denotes significant difference from baseline in respective group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.0001). # indicates significant difference between CDX and GLC at the same time point (P < 0.05). GLC glucose, CDX cluster dextrin
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Representative western blot images for intracellular signaling (a) and Ponceau-S (b). CDX cluster dextrin, GLC glucose

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