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Air Stacking-Assisted Diaphragmatic Breathing in Stroke

5 maja 2026 zaktualizowane przez: jang ji-hun

Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise Using the Air Stacking Technique on Respiratory and Trunk Function in Patients With Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a diaphragmatic breathing exercise using the air stacking technique can improve respiratory function and trunk control in patients with stroke. The experimental group will perform an air stacking-based diaphragmatic breathing exercise using an Ambu-bag, combined with neurodevelopmental treatment, three times per week for 20 minutes over a 4-week period. The control group will receive therapist-guided diaphragmatic breathing exercises with the same frequency and duration, together with the same neurodevelopmental treatment. All participants will be assessed before and after the intervention for pulmonary function, chest wall expansion, and trunk control ability, as well as the Korean version of the Trunk Impairment Scale (K-TIS), the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSTS), and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (Borg RPE). Changes between the two groups will be compared to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of the air stacking technique.

Przegląd badań

Status

Zakończony

Warunki

Interwencja / Leczenie

Szczegółowy opis

This clinical trial is a randomized controlled study designed to evaluate the effects of a diaphragmatic breathing exercise using the air stacking technique on respiratory and trunk function in patients with stroke. Patients with stroke are prone to respiratory muscle weakness, reduced chest wall expansion, and impaired trunk control, which can limit functional recovery and increase the risk of pulmonary complications. The air stacking technique increases lung volume and chest expansion through consecutive inspirations without exhalation and is known to facilitate more effective breathing and coughing, but its therapeutic effects in patients with stroke have not yet been fully established.

In this study, 20 patients with stroke will be randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10), using blocked randomization to ensure balance between groups. To enhance the objectivity of outcome assessment, all evaluations will be performed by an assessor who is blinded to group allocation. The experimental group will perform an air stacking-based diaphragmatic breathing exercise using an Ambu-bag, three times per week for 20 minutes over a 4-week period, in addition to neurodevelopmental treatment. The control group will receive therapist-guided diaphragmatic breathing exercises with the same frequency and duration, combined with the same neurodevelopmental treatment program. Both groups will receive the interventions for 4 weeks in the same rehabilitation setting.

All participants will undergo assessments before the start of the intervention and after completion of the 4-week program. Outcome measures will include pulmonary function tests (for example, FVC and FEV1), chest wall expansion, and trunk control ability. In addition, trunk function and functional mobility will be evaluated using the Korean version of the Trunk Impairment Scale (K-TIS) and the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSTS), and perceived exertion during exercise will be assessed using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (Borg RPE). Pre- to post-intervention changes will be calculated for each participant, and differences in these changes between the experimental and control groups will be analyzed.

The aim of this study is to determine whether a diaphragmatic breathing exercise using the air stacking technique provides additional benefits over conventional diaphragmatic breathing in improving pulmonary function, chest wall expansion, trunk control, and functional performance in patients with stroke. The findings are expected to demonstrate the therapeutic potential and clinical feasibility of an Ambu-bag-assisted air stacking technique and to contribute to the development of more effective respiratory and trunk rehabilitation strategies for individuals with stroke.

Typ studiów

Interwencyjne

Zapisy (Rzeczywisty)

20

Faza

  • Nie dotyczy

Kontakty i lokalizacje

Ta sekcja zawiera dane kontaktowe osób prowadzących badanie oraz informacje o tym, gdzie badanie jest przeprowadzane.

Lokalizacje studiów

    • Daegu
      • Daegu, Daegu, Korea Południowa, 41199
        • Daegu Fatima Hospital

Kryteria uczestnictwa

Badacze szukają osób, które pasują do określonego opisu, zwanego kryteriami kwalifikacyjnymi. Niektóre przykłady tych kryteriów to ogólny stan zdrowia danej osoby lub wcześniejsze leczenie.

Kryteria kwalifikacji

Wiek uprawniający do nauki

  • Dorosły
  • Starszy dorosły

Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników

Nie

Opis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Inpatients diagnosed with stroke (intracerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction) at a general hospital in Daegu, currently receiving physical therapy
  • Onset of stroke at least 3 months prior to enrollment
  • Spasticity grade of 2 or less on the Modified Ashworth Scale
  • No congenital deformity or fracture of the thorax or other orthopedic conditions affecting the chest wall
  • No history of pulmonary disease before or after the stroke
  • Able to perform respiratory exercises as instructed
  • Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K) score of 24 or higher, indicating sufficient cognitive ability to understand the study procedures
  • Presence of decreased pulmonary function (reduced pulmonary function test parameters) at baseline

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Acute stroke status or onset of stroke less than 3 months prior to enrollment
  • Severe cardiovascular or respiratory disease that makes participation in respiratory exercise unsafe or impossible
  • Cognitive impairment or communication disorder that prevents understanding or performing the study procedures
  • Any other medical or safety condition judged by the investigator to make participation in the study inappropriate

Plan studiów

Ta sekcja zawiera szczegółowe informacje na temat planu badania, w tym sposób zaprojektowania badania i jego pomiary.

Jak projektuje się badanie?

Szczegóły projektu

  • Główny cel: Leczenie
  • Przydział: Randomizowane
  • Model interwencyjny: Przydział równoległy
  • Maskowanie: Pojedynczy

Broń i interwencje

Grupa uczestników / Arm
Interwencja / Leczenie
Eksperymentalny: Air stacking-assisted diaphragmatic breathing
articipants in this arm will receive diaphragmatic breathing exercises using the air stacking technique with an Ambu-bag three times per week for 20 minutes over 4 weeks, in addition to routine neurodevelopmental treatment.
Diaphragmatic breathing exercise using the air stacking technique with an Ambu-bag, performed three times per week for 20 minutes over 4 weeks, in addition to routine neurodevelopmental treatment.
Aktywny komparator: diaphragmatic breathing
Participants in this arm will receive diaphragmatic breathing exercises three times per week for 20 minutes over 4 weeks, together with the same neurodevelopmental treatment as the experimental group.
diaphragmatic breathing exercise performed three times per week for 20 minutes over 4 weeks, together with the same neurodevelopmental treatment as the experimental group.

Co mierzy badanie?

Podstawowe miary wyniku

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
Change in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Forced vital capacity (FVC) will be assessed using spirometry at baseline and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. The outcome measure is the change in FVC from baseline to 4 weeks in each group.
Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) will be assessed using spirometry at baseline and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. The outcome measure is the change in FEV1 from baseline to 4 weeks in each group.
Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Change in FEV1/FVC ratio
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
The ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) will be assessed using spirometry at baseline and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. The outcome measure is the change in FEV1/FVC from baseline to 4 weeks in each group.
Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Change in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) will be assessed using spirometry at baseline and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. The outcome measure is the change in PEF from baseline to 4 weeks in each group.
Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention

Miary wyników drugorzędnych

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
Change in Trunk Function (Korean Version of the Trunk Impairment Scale, K-TIS)
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Trunk function will be assessed using the Korean version of the Trunk Impairment Scale (K-TIS) at baseline and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. The K-TIS is a clinical scale ranging from 0 to 23, with higher scores indicating better trunk function. The outcome measure is the change in K-TIS total score from baseline to 4 weeks in each group.
Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Change in Functional Lower Extremity Performance (Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test, FTSTS)
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Functional lower extremity performance will be assessed using the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSTS) at baseline and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. The FTSTS records the time in seconds required to complete five repetitions of rising from and returning to a seated position. Higher times indicate poorer functional performance. The outcome measure is the change in FTSTS completion time from baseline to 4 weeks in each group.
Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Change in Perceived Exertion (Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale)
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention
Perceived exertion during breathing exercises will be assessed using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale at baseline and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. The Borg scale ranges from 6 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater perceived exertion. The outcome measure is the change in Borg scale score from baseline to 4 weeks in each group.
Baseline and 4 weeks after the start of intervention

Współpracownicy i badacze

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Sponsor

Daty zapisu na studia

Daty te śledzą postęp w przesyłaniu rekordów badań i podsumowań wyników do ClinicalTrials.gov. Zapisy badań i zgłoszone wyniki są przeglądane przez National Library of Medicine (NLM), aby upewnić się, że spełniają określone standardy kontroli jakości, zanim zostaną opublikowane na publicznej stronie internetowej.

Główne daty studiów

Rozpoczęcie studiów (Rzeczywisty)

25 września 2025

Zakończenie podstawowe (Rzeczywisty)

21 lutego 2026

Ukończenie studiów (Rzeczywisty)

21 lutego 2026

Daty rejestracji na studia

Pierwszy przesłany

28 kwietnia 2026

Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości

5 maja 2026

Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)

11 maja 2026

Aktualizacje rekordów badań

Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)

11 maja 2026

Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości

5 maja 2026

Ostatnia weryfikacja

1 maja 2026

Więcej informacji

Terminy związane z tym badaniem

Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania

  • 2025-05-001

Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze

Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

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