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Frontal Plane Knee Projection Angle and Functional Performance in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players (FPPA-DBA)

14 lipca 2026 zaktualizowane przez: SEFA HAKTAN HATIK, Sinop University

Investigation of the Relationship Between Frontal Plane Knee Projection Angle and Dynamic Balance, Agility, and Ankle Dorsiflexion Mobility in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players

This observational study aims to examine the relationship between frontal plane knee projection angle, dynamic balance, agility performance, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility in adolescent female volleyball players. Frontal plane knee projection angle will be assessed during a single-leg squat using two-dimensional video analysis. Dynamic balance will be evaluated with the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, agility with the T-Test, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility with the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test.

All measurements will be completed in a single session under standardized field conditions, and no intervention or experimental treatment will be applied. By investigating how frontal plane knee alignment is associated with functional performance measures, this study may help improve the understanding of biomechanical factors related to movement quality and injury risk in adolescent female volleyball players.

Przegląd badań

Status

Zakończony

Warunki

Szczegółowy opis

This observational, cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between frontal plane knee projection angle (FPPA), dynamic balance, agility performance, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility in adolescent female volleyball players. Volleyball is a sport that requires repeated jumping, landing, lateral movements, and rapid changes of direction, which place considerable biomechanical demands on the lower extremities. In adolescent female athletes, lower-limb movement patterns may be influenced by growth, maturation, and neuromuscular control, making this population important for biomechanical assessment.

The primary study variable will be frontal plane knee projection angle, assessed during a single-leg squat using two-dimensional video analysis. Secondary measures will include dynamic balance assessed with the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, agility assessed with the T-Test, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility assessed with the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test. All assessments will be completed in a single session under standardized field conditions. No intervention, treatment, or experimental exercise program will be applied.

The study is designed to explore whether frontal plane knee alignment is associated with functional performance measures in adolescent female volleyball players. A better understanding of these relationships may contribute to the identification of biomechanical characteristics related to lower-extremity movement quality and potential injury risk in this population.

Typ studiów

Obserwacyjny

Zapisy (Rzeczywisty)

70

Kontakty i lokalizacje

Ta sekcja zawiera dane kontaktowe osób prowadzących badanie oraz informacje o tym, gdzie badanie jest przeprowadzane.

Lokalizacje studiów

    • Ödemiş
      • Izmir, Ödemiş, Turcja (Türkiye), 35750
        • AB Volleyball Academy

Kryteria uczestnictwa

Badacze szukają osób, które pasują do określonego opisu, zwanego kryteriami kwalifikacyjnymi. Niektóre przykłady tych kryteriów to ogólny stan zdrowia danej osoby lub wcześniejsze leczenie.

Kryteria kwalifikacji

Wiek uprawniający do nauki

  • Dziecko
  • Dorosły

Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników

Tak

Metoda próbkowania

Próbka bez prawdopodobieństwa

Badana populacja

The study population consisted of adolescent female volleyball players aged 10 to 19 years who were regularly training at least 3 days per week at AB Volleyball Academy in Izmir, Türkiye. Only participants who had reached menarche and met all eligibility criteria were included.

Opis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being female and between 10 and 19 years of age
  • Participating in regular volleyball training at least 3 days per week
  • Having reached menarche

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having sustained a lower extremity injury within the previous 6 months
  • Having a history of lower extremity surgery
  • Using medication that could affect balance, attention, or physical performance
  • Having a neurological, orthopedic, or systemic condition that could affect performance

Plan studiów

Ta sekcja zawiera szczegółowe informacje na temat planu badania, w tym sposób zaprojektowania badania i jego pomiary.

Jak projektuje się badanie?

Szczegóły projektu

Kohorty i interwencje

Grupa / Kohorta
Adolescent Female Volleyball Players
Adolescent female volleyball players who were regularly training at AB Volleyball Academy and participated in this observational study. All participants completed biomechanical and functional assessments in a single session, including frontal plane knee projection angle during a single-leg squat, dynamic balance, agility, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility measurements. No intervention or experimental treatment was applied.

Co mierzy badanie?

Podstawowe miary wyniku

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
Frontal Plane Projection Angle
Ramy czasowe: At a single assesment sessiomn
Frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) was assessed using SparkMotion software. FPPA was calculated from the angle between a line from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the midpoint of the patella and a line from the patellar midpoint to the midpoint between the medial and lateral malleoli; this value was subtracted from 360° to obtain FPPA. Values ≥195° were descriptively classified as increased FPPA. Frontal-plane video was recorded using an iPad mounted on a tripod positioned 3 m from the participant and 1 m above the ground. Participants performed a single-leg squat with arms crossed over the chest at a metronome-paced tempo (2 s descent, 2 s ascent). FPPA was measured at the deepest squat position reached while maintaining balance. After 3 practice trials, 5 consecutive recorded squats were performed, and the third trial was used for analysis.
At a single assesment sessiomn

Miary wyników drugorzędnych

Miara wyniku
Opis środka
Ramy czasowe
Y - Balance Test
Ramy czasowe: At a single assesment session
Dynamic balance was assessed using the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ). This standardized test evaluates reach distance in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions while maintaining single-leg stance. Reach distances were recorded to the nearest 0.5 cm using the Y Balance Test kit. Before testing, leg length was measured from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the distal tip of the medial malleolus, and results were normalized to leg length. Participants completed 6 practice trials before testing, followed by 3 valid trials in each direction. Invalid trials were repeated, and the mean of the 3 valid trials for each direction was used for analysis. The composite score was calculated by dividing the sum of the 3 reach distances by 3 times leg length and multiplying by 100.
At a single assesment session
T - Test
Ramy czasowe: At a single assesment session
Agility was assessed using the T-Test. The test course was set up in a T shape with 4 cones: cone A was positioned 9.14 m from the center cone B, and cones C and D were placed 4.57 m to the left and right of cone B. Participants started at cone A, sprinted to cone B, shuffled laterally to touch cone C, then shuffled to touch cone D, returned to cone B, and backpedaled to cone A to complete the test. Time was recorded using a photocell timing system. After 2 familiarization trials, participants performed 3 valid trials with 3 minutes of rest between trials, and the best time was used for analysis.
At a single assesment session
Weight - Bearing Lunge Test
Ramy czasowe: At a single assesment session
nkle dorsiflexion mobility was assessed using the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT). Participants were positioned facing a wall in a tandem stance, with the tested foot aligned perpendicular to the wall and the non-tested rear heel lifted. They were instructed to place their hands on the wall and move the front knee toward it while keeping the tested heel in contact with the ground. The foot was moved away from the wall in 1 cm increments until the maximum distance at which the knee could still touch the wall without heel lift was identified. The farthest valid distance between the great toe and the wall was measured in centimeters. Three valid trials were recorded for each lower extremity, and the mean value was used for analysis. Trials with heel lift, marked lower-extremity compensations, or loss of proper test position were repeated.
At a single assesment session

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Daty zapisu na studia

Daty te śledzą postęp w przesyłaniu rekordów badań i podsumowań wyników do ClinicalTrials.gov. Zapisy badań i zgłoszone wyniki są przeglądane przez National Library of Medicine (NLM), aby upewnić się, że spełniają określone standardy kontroli jakości, zanim zostaną opublikowane na publicznej stronie internetowej.

Główne daty studiów

Rozpoczęcie studiów (Rzeczywisty)

1 marca 2026

Zakończenie podstawowe (Rzeczywisty)

3 marca 2026

Ukończenie studiów (Rzeczywisty)

1 lipca 2026

Daty rejestracji na studia

Pierwszy przesłany

14 lipca 2026

Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości

14 lipca 2026

Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)

17 lipca 2026

Aktualizacje rekordów badań

Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)

17 lipca 2026

Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości

14 lipca 2026

Ostatnia weryfikacja

1 lipca 2026

Więcej informacji

Terminy związane z tym badaniem

Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania

  • FPPATTADF1

Plan dla danych uczestnika indywidualnego (IPD)

Planujesz udostępniać dane poszczególnych uczestników (IPD)?

NIE

Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze

Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA

Nie

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