Midwife-led Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Perinatal Depression. Multisite RCT
Effectiveness of Midwife-led Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Perinatal Depression in Ethiopia: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial.
Perinatal depression(PND), or depression during pregnancy and within one year following childbirth, is the most burdensome maternal mental illness. Women in low-income countries like Ethiopia have suffered from the disease. Perinatal depression(PND) carries several negative outcomes on women's mental health condition, their household functioning, workplace efficiency, and relationships with their children and families. It also has adverse outcomes on the developing fetus and neonatal health, such as intrauterine growth restriction, increased risk of underweight infants, and child cognitive and developmental delays.
Mothers experiencing PND in Ethiopia remain underserved because stakeholders' primary attention is directed toward other competing maternal concerns such as pregnancy-related haemorrhage or pregnancy-induced hypertension. As a result, depressed perinatal women continue to suffer without adequate recognition or intervention. Furthermore, women with PND in this country face numerous barriers to care; pharmacological treatment is limited due to affordability issues, a shortage of prescribing experts, and accessibility challenges. Thus, to challenge the treatment gap in maternal mental health care for PND, Cognitive Behavioral Interventions (CBI) may be an alternative that could be delivered by relatively accessible professionals such as midwives. Although midwives play a critical role in maternal healthcare provision, the efficacy of supportive care for perinatal depression utilizing CBI techniques delivered by them remains limited. This approach may help to ensure women with PND receive both maternal and mental healthcare holistically and sustainably.
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of midwife-led cognitive behavioral intervention delivered to women with PND in reducing depression, increasing social support, lowering stress, and measuring progress in cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, and perceived problem-solving compared to usual care.
The study will be conducted in three hospitals in the South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. It will include pregnant women in the third trimester who are experiencing depression, able to hear and speak the local ( Amharic) language, and willing to be part of the study. Women with severe medical conditions that limit their ability to participate in the intervention will not be included.
Eligible participants will be randomized into an intervention and control group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants enrolled in the intervention group will receive cognitive behavioral intervention delivered by trained midwives, and also receive usual maternal care services. The control group will receive the standard usual care. The intervention contains seven sessions that start at 32 weeks of pregnancy and continue after childbirth. The first five sessions will be provided during pregnancy and the remaining two sessions after childbirth. Both antepartum and postpartum sessions will be provided weekly in groups ( 8-10 participants per group), delivered in a face-to-face format, for 45 to 50 min.
The intervention strategies were formulated with the core principle of the cognitive behavioral model, and various strategies were used to contextualize it. The core content of each session was structured as a story-based example to capture and retain participants' attention and enhance clarity. Concepts were articulated using locally familiar and simple colloquial expressions. The behavioral activation techniques frequently practiced by Ethiopian women were incorporated to encourage engagement in routine activities. The intervention includes psychoeducation, group-based brainstorming, guided identification of negative thoughts, identification of cognitive distortions, and demonstration of techniques to replace negative with rational thoughts. For behavioral activation, activity scheduling and goal-setting techniques are incorporated to support engagement of participants in pleasant activities. Additionally, problem-solving will be supported to improve social interaction and enhance parenting practices. Participants' take-home assignments and daily mood follow-up charts will also be used as part of the intervention strategies.
To evaluate the study effect, various outcome measurements will be conducted before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and three months after the intervention.
Przegląd badań
Status
Status
Warunki
Warunki
Interwencja / Leczenie
Interwencja / Leczenie
Szczegółowy opis
The structured approach of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CBI) is beneficial in reducing Perinatal Depression (PND). It empowers women with practical skills to manage stress beyond the treatment period, foster resilience, and improve coping abilities. CBI increases assertiveness and strengthens relationships, which encourages women to seek support. Its behavioral activation component reduces social withdrawal through promoting engagement in supportive activities such as mother support groups and peer networks. Despite CBI yielding meaningful healthcare benefits and reducing PND, its applicability using non-mental healthcare professionals has not been tested in Ethiopia. Leveraging midwives to deliver CBI may be an alternative strategy to narrow the significant unmet need for mental health care. Moreover, midwives are uniquely positioned to deliver CBI interventions for PND due to their accessibility across the maternal health care continuum and their trusted relationships with mothers.
The intervention has a pre-specified session duration and frequency, which may ensure consistency, fidelity, and replicability across providers and settings. It is also expected to enhance adaptability for delivery by non-mental health care professionals, for low-resource settings, where access to specialized mental health services is limited.
Typ studiów
Typ studiów
Zapisy (Szacowany)
Zapisy
Faza
Faza
- Nie dotyczy
Kontakty i lokalizacje
Kontakt w sprawie studiów
Kontakt w sprawie studiów
- Nazwa: Shimeles B. Zewude
- Numer telefonu: +852-57795794
- E-mail: shimeles-biru.zewude@connect.polyu.hk
Lokalizacje studiów
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South Gondar
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Debre Tabor, South Gondar, Etiopia
- Addis Zemen Hospital
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Debre Tabor, South Gondar, Etiopia
- Debre Tabor specialised hospital
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Debre Tabor, South Gondar, Etiopia
- Wereta Hospital
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Kryteria uczestnictwa
Kryteria kwalifikacji
Kryteria kwalifikacji
Wiek uprawniający do nauki
- Dorosły
- Starszy dorosły
Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników
Opis
Inclusion Criteria:
- Women aged 18 or more years.
- In the third trimester of pregnancy.
- Speak and read the local Amharic language.
- Women who screen positive for perinatal depression with an EPDS score ≥7.
Exclusion Criteria:
- EPDS score of ≥ 20.
- Women with active suicidal ideation.
- Participants with severe medical or obstetric conditions.
Plan studiów
Jak projektuje się badanie?
Szczegóły projektu
- Główny cel: Leczenie podtrzymujące
- Przydział: Randomizowane
- Model interwencyjny: Przydział równoległy
- Maskowanie: Pojedynczy
Liczba ramion
Broń i interwencje
Grupa uczestników / ArmGrupa uczestników / Arm |
Interwencja / LeczenieInterwencja / Leczenie |
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Eksperymentalny: Midwife-led Cognitive Behavioral Intervention
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The intervention contains seven sessions.
The first session equips participants with foundational knowledge to recognize the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of PND.
The second session provides practical guidance to help participants identify and record negative thoughts.
The third session demonstrates techniques for replacing negative thoughts with realistic thoughts.
Session four involves engagement in a pleasant activity utilizing goal-setting strategies.
Session five focuses on challenging parenting problems.
Session six demonstrates techniques for identifying and acquiring social support.
The final seventh session focuses on relapse prevention and maintaining gains.
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Brak interwencji: Usual care
Participants will receive standard usual care.
This standard usual care includes perinatal education on personal health, adequate sleep, counselling on healthy nutrition, self-care, and an obstetric complication readiness plan.
Counselling on where and how to get support in case of an adverse event or emergency.
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Co mierzy badanie?
Podstawowe miary wyniku
Podstawowe miary wyniku
Miara wyniku |
Opis środka |
Ramy czasowe |
|---|---|---|
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Change in perinatal depression
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (T0), Post-intervention (T1), and three months after completion of the intervention ( T2).
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Perinatal depression (PND) is the primary outcome of the study, which is measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).
Participants will rate their experiences using a 10-item EPDS tool, with each item scored on a 4-point Likert scale between 0 and 3.
The total score ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating more depressive symptoms.
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Baseline (T0), Post-intervention (T1), and three months after completion of the intervention ( T2).
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Miary wyników drugorzędnych
Miary wyników drugorzędnych
Miara wyniku |
Opis środka |
Ramy czasowe |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Perceived Problem-solving
Ramy czasowe: At two time points: Baseline assessment (T0), and three month following the intervention.
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The Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ) is a 12-item instrument that assesses participants' cognitive set on their problem-solving abilities.
The participant rates each item using a 5-point Likert scale.
A higher score indicates doubt about the ability to cope and less cognitive set for challenging problems.
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At two time points: Baseline assessment (T0), and three month following the intervention.
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Change in perceived social supports
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (T0), Post-intervention (T1), and three months after completion of the intervention ( T2).
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Perceived social support will be evaluated using the short form of the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ).
Respondents rate the six-item SSQ using a 6-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 5 (always).
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Baseline (T0), Post-intervention (T1), and three months after completion of the intervention ( T2).
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Change in Perceived Stress Levels
Ramy czasowe: Baseline (T0), Post-intervention (T1), and three months after completion of the intervention ( T2).
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The Perceived Stress measurement includes10 items that evaluate participants' stress experiences over the past month.
Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very often), and the total score ranges from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.
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Baseline (T0), Post-intervention (T1), and three months after completion of the intervention ( T2).
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Change in cognitive conditions
Ramy czasowe: Baseline outcome assessment (T0) and three months following the intervention (T2).
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The Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-8 (ATQ-8) is a psychological tool used to measure change in cognitive functioning following Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CBI).
It contains 8 questions that check the frequency of negative thoughts that crossed participants' minds during the past week.
The scale is a 5-point Likert scale from not at all (1) to all the time (5), and as the score increases, the frequency of negative thought patterns increases.
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Baseline outcome assessment (T0) and three months following the intervention (T2).
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Change in behavioral activation status
Ramy czasowe: Baseline assessment (T0) and three months following the intervention (T2).
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Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale-Short Form (BADS-SF) will be used to measure behavioral change in activities.
The scale uses a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 6 (completely).
A higher total score indicates greater behavioral activation.
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Baseline assessment (T0) and three months following the intervention (T2).
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Współpracownicy i badacze
Sponsor
Sponsor
Daty zapisu na studia
Główne daty studiów
Rozpoczęcie studiów (Szacowany)
Rozpoczęcie studiów
Zakończenie podstawowe (Szacowany)
Zakończenie podstawowe
Ukończenie studiów (Szacowany)
Ukończenie studiów
Daty rejestracji na studia
Pierwszy przesłany
Pierwszy przesłany
Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości
Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości
Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)
Pierwszy wysłany
Aktualizacje rekordów badań
Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)
Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja
Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości
Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości
Ostatnia weryfikacja
Ostatnia weryfikacja
Więcej informacji
Terminy związane z tym badaniem
Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania
Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania
- HSEARS20260512003
Plan dla danych uczestnika indywidualnego (IPD)
Planujesz udostępniać dane poszczególnych uczestników (IPD)?
Opis planu IPD
Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze
Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA
Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA
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