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The Effect of IoT-based Smart Exercises System in the Senior Adults: Coordination

14 augusti 2026 uppdaterad av: Li-Chieh Kuo, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital

Smart Health Care and Innovative Technology Service Model Plan: Development of Innovative Health Promotion System for Senior Adults

Subjects are divided into two groups, (1) Control (Ctrl) and (2) Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in the Ctrl group are instructed to perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly, with each session lasting 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist. Participants in the SE group perform combined muscle strength and coordination training using the Smart Exercise System twice weekly, with each session lasting 30 minutes, for 12 weeks. Physical fitness tests, coordination tests, and questionnaires are administered to participants in both groups before and after the 12-week exercise program.

Studieöversikt

Status

Rekrytering

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

Participants are divided into two groups: (1) the Control (Ctrl) group and (2) the Smart Exercise (SE) group. Participants in both groups are instructed to perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes.

Participants in the Ctrl group perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist.

Participants in the SE group perform muscle strength and coordination training using an upgraded smart exercise system. The smart exercise system consists of an upper-extremity cycle ergometer (UEE) and a lower-extremity cycle ergometer (LEE). Participants in the SE group complete one session using the UEE and one session using the LEE per week, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, for 12 weeks.

Physical fitness tests, coordination tests, and questionnaires are administered to participants in both groups before and after the 12-week exercise program. Changes in physical fitness, coordination, and questionnaire outcomes are compared between the two groups.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

100

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studiekontakt

Studera Kontakt Backup

Studieorter

  • Taiwan
    • Taiwan
      • Tainan, Taiwan, Taiwan, 701
        • Rekrytering
        • National Cheng-Kung University
        • Kontakt:

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Ja

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adult over 50 years old
  • No significant limb disability or joint deformation
  • No history of cardiovascular disease
  • Never lost balance due to dizziness in the past 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

  • limb disability or joint deformation
  • history of cardiovascular disease
  • lost balance due to dizziness in the past 12 months
  • cognitive deficits

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Övrig
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Aktiv komparator: Control group
Participants in the Ctrl group perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist.
Beteende: Exercises
Participants in the Ctrl group perform combined muscle strength and coordination exercises twice weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, following an exercise guide recommended by a physical therapist.
Experimentell: Smart Exercise group
Participants in the SE group perform muscle strength and coordination training using an upgraded smart exercise system. The smart exercise system consists of an upper-extremity cycle ergometer (UEE) and a lower-extremity cycle ergometer (LEE). Participants in the SE group complete one session using the UEE and one session using the LEE per week, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, for 12 weeks.
Enhet: Smart Exercise program
Participants in the SE group perform muscle strength and coordination training using an upgraded smart exercise system. The smart exercise system consists of an upper-extremity cycle ergometer (UEE) and a lower-extremity cycle ergometer (LEE). Participants in the SE group complete one session using the UEE and one session using the LEE per week, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes, for 12 weeks.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
TUG Manual
Tidsram: baseline
The TUG Manual Test evaluates a senior's attentional control and dynamic balance under a motor dual-task condition. Participants perform the standard Timed Up and Go task-standing, walking three meters, turning, and sitting-while carrying a full glass of water in one hand. Instructors record the time, with scores over 14.5 seconds indicating a high risk of falling.
baseline
TUG Manual
Tidsram: after 12-week intervation
The TUG Manual Test evaluates a senior's attentional control and dynamic balance under a motor dual-task condition. Participants perform the standard Timed Up and Go task-standing, walking three meters, turning, and sitting-while carrying a full glass of water in one hand. Instructors record the time, with scores over 14.5 seconds indicating a high risk of falling.
after 12-week intervation

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Sex minuters promenadtest
Tidsram: baslinje
Att gå så mycket som möjligt inom sex minuter och mäta den totala tillryggalagda sträckan.
baslinje
Sex minuters promenadtest
Tidsram: efter 12 veckors intervention
Att gå så mycket som möjligt inom sex minuter och mäta den totala tillryggalagda sträckan.
efter 12 veckors intervention
2-minuters stegtest
Tidsram: baslinje
2-minuters stegtest är att slutföra steg på 2 minuter. Antal hela steg som genomförts på 2 minuter registreras.
baslinje
2-minuters stegtest
Tidsram: efter 12 veckors intervention
2-minuters stegtest är att slutföra steg på 2 minuter. Antal hela steg som genomförts på 2 minuter registreras.
efter 12 veckors intervention
Enbensbalans med öppna ögontest
Tidsram: baslinje
Deltagaren instrueras att stå vid ett ben med ögat öppet, antalet sekunder registreras.
baslinje
Enbensbalans med öppna ögontest
Tidsram: efter 12 veckors intervention
Deltagaren instrueras att stå vid ett ben med ögat öppet, antalet sekunder registreras.
efter 12 veckors intervention
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Frågeformulär för fysisk funktion och hälsotillstånd)
Tidsram: baslinje
Riskfaktorer för frakturer och fall och har vuxit till att titta på olika bestämningsfaktorer för framgångsrikt åldrande. Tre frågor om skörhet och två frågor om depression.
baslinje
SOF (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) frailty index (Frågeformulär för fysisk funktion och hälsotillstånd)
Tidsram: efter 12 veckors intervention
Riskfaktorer för frakturer och fall och har vuxit till att titta på olika bestämningsfaktorer för framgångsrikt åldrande. Tre frågor om skörhet och två frågor om depression.
efter 12 veckors intervention
SARC-F
Tidsram: baslinje
SARC-F frågeformuläret är ett snabbt diagnostiskt test för SARCopeni. Frågeformuläret innehåller fem punkter, som är Styrka, Hjälp att gå, Res dig från en stol, Gå i trappor och Fall. Poängen varierar från 0 till 10, med 0 till 2 poäng för varje komponent. Poäng lika med eller större än 4 förutsäger sarkopeni och dåliga resultat.
baslinje
SARC-F
Tidsram: efter 12 veckors intervention
SARC-F frågeformuläret är ett snabbt diagnostiskt test för SARCopeni. Frågeformuläret innehåller fem punkter, som är Styrka, Hjälp att gå, Res dig från en stol, Gå i trappor och Fall. Poängen varierar från 0 till 10, med 0 till 2 poäng för varje komponent. Poäng lika med eller större än 4 förutsäger sarkopeni och dåliga resultat.
efter 12 veckors intervention
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
Tidsram: baseline
EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333(having extreme problems in all dimensions).
baseline
BMI
Tidsram: basline
Participants's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).
basline
BMI
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
Participants's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).
after 12-week intervention
Up and Go test
Tidsram: baseline
Number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.
baseline
Up and Go test
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
Number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.
after 12-week intervention
30 second chair stand test
Tidsram: baseline
Number of full stands that can completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.
baseline
30 second chair stand test
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
Number of full stands that can be completed 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.
after 12-week intervention
SMI
Tidsram: baseline
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by TANITA MC-780MA body composition analyzer.
baseline
SMI
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by TANITA MC-780MA body composition analyzer.
after 12-week intervention
Back scratch
Tidsram: baseline
Back scratch with one hand reaching over shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance (cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.
baseline
Back scratch
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
Back scratch with one hand reaching over shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance (cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.
after 12-week intervention
Chair sit-&-reach test
Tidsram: baseline
From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance (cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.
baseline
Chair sit-&-reach test
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance (cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.
after 12-week intervention
Hand grip strength test
Tidsram: baseline
Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer
baseline
Hand grip strength test
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer
after 12-week intervention
Extremity strength
Tidsram: baseline
Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer
baseline
Extremity strength
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
Extremity strength test is performed by handheld dynamometer
after 12-week intervention
Soda pop coordination
Tidsram: baseline
The Soda Pop Coordination Test assesses manual dexterity and hand-eye coordination. Participants use their dominant hand to flip and reposition three soda cans across six marked points as quickly as possible. Completion time is recorded.
baseline
Soda pop coordination
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
The Soda Pop Coordination Test assesses manual dexterity and hand-eye coordination. Participants use their dominant hand to flip and reposition three soda cans across six marked points as quickly as possible. Completion time is recorded.
after 12-week intervention
Ruler drop test
Tidsram: baseline
The Ruler Drop Test assesses visual reaction time and hand-eye coordination. Participants catch a ruler dropped without warning using their dominant hand. The falling distance is recorded to calculate reaction time in milliseconds.
baseline
Ruler drop test
Tidsram: after 12-week intervation
The Ruler Drop Test assesses visual reaction time and hand-eye coordination. Participants catch a ruler dropped without warning using their dominant hand. The falling distance is recorded to calculate reaction time in milliseconds.
after 12-week intervation
Box and blocks test
Tidsram: baseline
The Box and Block Test assesses gross manual dexterity and upper-extremity function. Participants transfer blocks across a partition using one hand at a time. The number of blocks transferred within one minute is recorded.
baseline
Box and blocks test
Tidsram: after 12-week intervation
The Box and Block Test assesses gross manual dexterity and upper-extremity function. Participants transfer blocks across a partition using one hand at a time. The number of blocks transferred within one minute is recorded.
after 12-week intervation
EQ-5D (EuroQol- 5 Dimensions)
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
EQ-5D is a standardized instrument with 5-item questionnaire for measuring generic health status. EQ-5D was first introduced in 1990 by the EuroQol Group. In which health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Rated level can be coded as a number 1, 2, or 3, which indicates having no problems for 1, having some problems for 2, and having extreme problems for 3. As a result, a person's health status can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in all dimensions) to 33333(having extreme problems in all dimensions).
after 12-week intervention
QUEST (Questionnaire for satisfaction)
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
The 8 items of the questionnaire included Dimensions, Weight, Ease in Adjusting, Safety and Security, Durability, Ease of Use, Comfortable, and Effectiveness. Each item employed a 5-point scale, with 1-point representing not satisfied at all, and 5-point representing very satisfied. Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology.
after 12-week intervention
System Usability Scale (SUS)
Tidsram: after 12-week intervention
The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a reliable, 10-item Likert-scale questionnaire utilized to provide a global evaluation of a system's usability and user-friendliness. Each item is scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better system usability.
after 12-week intervention

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

National Cheng-Kung University Hospital

Utredare

  • Studierektor: Li-Chieh Kuo, Ph. D., National Cheng-Kung University Hospital

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

7 augusti 2023

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

31 augusti 2027

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

31 augusti 2027

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

14 augusti 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

14 augusti 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

19 augusti 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

19 augusti 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

14 augusti 2026

Senast verifierad

1 december 2025

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • B-BR-106-072B

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