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食品交换提高食品杂货采购的健康性和环境可持续性

2026年5月29日 更新者：Anna Grummon、Stanford University

食品交换的随机试验，以提高食品杂货购买的健康性和环境可持续性

该研究旨在确定，与没有交换建议的常规购物相比，在在线杂货店环境中接受更健康或更环保的交换（或两者）的建议是否可以改善消费者购买食品和饮料的健康性和环境可持续性。 在线商店将记录参与者的选择。 参与者还将被要求完成调查措施。

研究概览

地位

完全的

条件

干预/治疗

详细说明

参与者将完成在线受试者间随机实验。 该实验将涉及三次考察访问。

在第一次研究访问中，参与者将在没有干预的情况下完成在线杂货店购物任务。 参与者将获得 50 美元的预算，并被要求像平常一样购物。 商店将记录参与者的选择。 完成购物任务后，参与者将完成在线调查。

大约一周后，参与者将按照相同的说明完成第二次研究访问。 他们将被随机分配到 4 个条件之一（1）仅健康，2）仅环境，3）健康和环境相结合，4）控制。 在仅限健康的情况下，参与者将查看带有健康等级的标签，并且可能会被指示将他们的选择换成更健康的物品。 在仅限环境的条件下，参与者将查看带有气候影响等级的标签，并可能被指示将他们的选择换成更可持续的物品。 在健康和环境条件下，参与者将查看带有健康和气候影响等级的标签，并可能被引导将他们的选择换成更健康或更可持续的物品。 在对照组中，参与者不会查看任何标签或交换。 商店将记录参与者的选择。 完成购物任务后，参与者将完成在线调查。

在第三次研究访问中，参与者将维持其指定的小组，并被要求重复与第二次访问中相同的任务。

研究类型

介入性

注册 (实际的)

1201

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

  • 美国
    • California
      • Palo Alto、California、美国、94304
        • Stanford School of Medicine

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 成人
  • 年长者

接受健康志愿者

是的

描述

纳入标准：

  • 年满 18 岁或以上
  • 居住在美国
  • 能读和说英语
  • 可以访问互联网以完成 3 次在线考察访问

排除标准：

  • 18岁以下
  • 居住在美国境外
  • 无法用英语完成调查
  • 无法访问互联网来完成 3 次在线学习访问

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：预防
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：并行分配
  • 屏蔽：无（打开标签）

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
有源比较器：控制
没有标签或交换。
行为的：控制
参与者不会在网上杂货店看到任何额外的标签或获得任何交换。
实验性的：健康掉期
标签将是产品的“营养成绩”，而替换交换建议将用于具有更好的营养等级的商品。
行为的：健康互换
参与者将查看在线杂货店中所有产品上的“健康等级”标签，表明其健康程度是根据英国通信管理局营养分析模型分数估计的。 健康评分标签将模仿 Nutri-Score 标签，这是一些欧洲国家使用的标签系统，在每种产品上显示“A”（绿色）到“F”（红色）的颜色编码等级。 带有“A”和“B”标签的产品将符合英国针对可向儿童销售的产品的临界值，而“C”、“D”和“F”标签产品的健康程度低于此临界值（基于 Ofcom 的三分位数）每个食物组内的分数）。 当参与者尝试将不太健康的产品添加到购物车时（例如，“C”、“D”或“F”健康标签），商店将自动推荐同一类别中的更健康的产品（例如，带有“A”）或“B”健康标签）。
实验性的：气候掉期
标签将是产品的“气候等级”，而替换交换建议将用于具有更好的气候等级的项目。
行为的：气候掉期
参与者将在所有指示其气候影响的产品上查看“气候级”标签。 气候影响计算为与每100G二氧化碳等效含量生产产品相关的温室气体排放（即“碳足迹”）。 标签将基于每个食物组的碳足迹的五分之一。 当参与者试图在其购物车中添加高气候影响的产品（例如，使用“ C”，“ D”或“ F”气候标签）时，商店将自动为它们提供更易于气候友好的产品（例如，带有“ A”或“ B”气候标签）。
实验性的：健康和气候掉期结合
标签将是产品的“营养成绩”和“气候等级”，而替换交换建议将是对至少一个维度（营养等级或气候等级）的最初选择的产品更好的项目，并且不比最初选择的产品差。
行为的：健康和气候掉期结合
参与者将在在线杂货店中的所有产品上查看健康和气候级标签。 当参与者试图在其购物车的任何一个维度上选择具有“ C”，“ D”或“ F”标签的产品时，商店将自动为他们提供与至少1维（健康或气候友好性）相比原始食物的产品交换，并且至少在其他维度上与其他尺寸相同或更好地在商店中，这些产品都不适用于商店。

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Healthfulness of Product Selection
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will asses healthfulness of participants' selections as the average Ofcom Nutrient Profiling Model score of the products the participants select in the shopping task. The score ranges from 0 to 100, where higher scores are healthier. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Carbon Footprint of Participants' Grocery Store Selections
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess the carbon footprint of participants' selections, operationalized as the average carbon footprint (in CO2-equivalents) of the products the participants select in the shopping task. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, the non-missing value was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Calorie Density of Participants' Grocery Selections
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess the average calorie density of participants' grocery selections, calculated as the average kcal per 100g of the selected products. Higher values will indicate higher calorie density. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Sugar Density of Participants' Grocery Selections
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess the average sugar density of participants' grocery selections, calculated as the average grams of sugar per 100g of the selected products. Higher values will indicate higher sugar density. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Sodium Density of Participants' Grocery Selections
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess the average sodium density of participants' grocery selections, calculated as the average milligrams of sodium per 100g of the selected products. Higher values will indicate higher sodium density. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Saturated Fat Density of Participants' Grocery Selections
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess the average saturated fat density of participants' grocery selections, calculated as the average grams of saturated fat per 100g of the selected products. Higher values will indicate higher saturated fat density. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Fiber Density of Participants' Grocery Selections
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess the average fiber density of participants' grocery selections, calculated as the average grams of fiber per 100g of the selected products. Higher values will indicate higher fiber density. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Protein Density of Participants' Grocery Selections
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess the average protein density of participants' grocery selections, calculated as the average grams of protein per 100g of the selected products. Higher values will indicate higher protein density. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Total Spending on Participants' Grocery Selections
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess the total amount participants spent on their grocery selections in United States dollars. Higher values will indicate greater spending. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Thinking About Health
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess thinking about health using 1 item: "We are interested in how you selected products while you were grocery shopping. When you selected foods, how much did you think about each of the following characteristics? ... health." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5). Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Thinking About Climate Impact
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess thinking about climate impact using 1 item: "We are interested in how you selected products while you were grocery shopping. When you selected foods, how much did you think about each of the following characteristics? ... climate impact." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5). Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Thinking About Taste
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess thinking about taste using 1 item: "We are interested in how you selected products while you were grocery shopping. When you selected foods, how much did you think about each of the following characteristics? ... taste." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5). Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Negative Emotional Reactions While Shopping
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess negative emotional reactions using 3 items: "While you were shopping, how much did you feel…" "worried", "guilty," "ashamed"? Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "Extremely" (5). The investigators will average the 3 items; higher average scores indicate stronger negative emotional reactions. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Positive Emotional Reactions While Shopping
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess positive emotional reactions using 3 items: "While you were shopping, how much did you feel…" "inspired", "proud," "reassured"? Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "Extremely" (5). The investigators will average the 3 items; higher average scores indicate stronger positive emotional reactions. Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Injunctive Norms to Buy Healthy Foods
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess injunctive norms to buy healthy foods with 1 item: "People who are important to me think I should buy healthy foods." Response options range from "Strongly disagree" (1) to "Strongly agree" (5). Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Descriptive Norms to Buy Healthy Foods
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess descriptive norms to buy healthy foods with 1 item: "Most shoppers buy healthy foods when they are shopping for groceries." Response options range from "Strongly disagree" (1) to "Strongly agree" (5). Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Injunctive Norms to Buy Foods With Low Climate Impact
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess injunctive norms to buy foods with low climate impact with 1 item: "People who are important to me think I should buy foods with low climate impact." Response options range from "Strongly disagree" (1) to "Strongly agree" (5). Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Descriptive Norms to Buy Foods With Low Climate Impact
大体时间：1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess descriptive norms to buy foods with lower climate impact with 1 item: "Most shoppers buy foods with low climate impact when they are shopping for groceries." Response options range from "Strongly disagree" (1) to "Strongly agree" (5). Outcome values were calculated as each participant's mean across visits 2 and 3. If participants had missing data at one of these visits, data from the non-missing visit was used.
1-week follow-up (visit 2), and 2-week follow-up (visit 3)

其他结果措施

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Perceived Helpfulness of Nutrition Labels
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess perceived helpfulness of nutrition labels with 1 item: "These labels would help me choose healthier foods." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Perceived Helpfulness of Climate Labels
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess perceived helpfulness of climate labels with 1 item: "These labels would help me choose foods with lower climate impact." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Perceived Helpfulness of Health Swap Recommendations
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess perceived helpfulness of health swap recommendations with 1 item: "This type of recommendation would help me choose healthier foods." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Perceived Helpfulness of Climate Swap Recommendations
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess perceived helpfulness of climate swap recommendations with 1 item: "This type of recommendation would help me choose more foods with lower climate impact." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Liking of Nutrition Labels
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess liking of nutrition labels with 1 item: "I like these labels." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Liking of Climate Labels
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess liking of climate labels with 1 item: "I like these labels." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Liking of Health Swap Recommendations
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess liking health swap recommendations with 1 item: "I like these recommendations." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Liking of Climate Swap Recommendations
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess liking climate swap recommendations with 1 item: "I like these recommendations." Response options range from "Not at all" (1) to "A great deal" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Acceptability of Nutrition Labels
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess acceptability of the nutrition labels with 1 item: "How much would you approve or disapprove of these labels being displayed on foods sold in grocery stores?" Response options range from "Strongly disapprove" (1) to "Strongly approve" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Acceptability of Climate Labels
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess acceptability of the climate labels with 1 item: "How much would you approve or disapprove of these labels being displayed on foods sold in grocery stores?" Response options range from "Strongly disapprove" (1) to "Strongly approve" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Acceptability of Health Swap Recommendations
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess acceptability of the health swap recommendations with 1 item: "How much would you approve or disapprove of these recommendations being offered by grocery stores?" Response options range from "Strongly disapprove" (1) to "Strongly approve" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
Acceptability of Climate Swap Recommendations
大体时间：Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)
The study will assess acceptability of the climate swap recommendations 1 item: "How much would you approve or disapprove of these recommendations being offered by grocery stores?" Response options range from "Strongly disapprove" (1) to "Strongly approve" (5).
Assessed at 2-week follow-up (visit 3)

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Stanford University

合作者

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

调查人员

  • 首席研究员：Anna H. Grummon, PhD、Stanford School of Medicine

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (实际的)

2025年5月7日

初级完成 (实际的)

2025年6月25日

研究完成 (实际的)

2025年6月25日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2024年10月16日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2024年10月16日

首次发布 (实际的)

2024年10月18日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年6月24日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年5月29日

最后验证

2026年5月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

关键字

其他相关的 MeSH 术语

其他研究编号

  • 76925
  • K01HL158608 (美国 NIH 拨款/合同)

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

是的

IPD 计划说明

我们会将数据发布到公共存储库。

IPD 共享时间框架

研究结果发布后，分析代码将发布到公共存储库。

IPD 共享访问标准

公开可用，不受限制。

IPD 共享支持信息类型

  • 分析代码

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

在美国制造并从美国出口的产品

不

此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.

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