Feasibility of a Stigma Reduction Intervention for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Women

October 20, 2014 updated by: Duke University

Feasibility of a Stigma Reduction Intervention for HIV-infected Women

The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of a stigma reduction intervention in Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)-positive women using a video of first-person narratives delivered via personal Ipod Touch.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Nearly 30 years into the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, stigma is still hampering efforts to stop its spread. Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)-infected women are particularly vulnerable to both perceived and enacted stigma, which together are referred to as internalized stigma. As the demographic face of HIV infection in the US has changed from being largely a disease of gay white men to one of poor minority women, the debilitating effects of stigma have worsened. It has a profound impact on prevention and treatment efforts; women with HIV infection may be fearful of insisting that their sexual partners wear condoms because of the possibility that this may signal their serostatus, and they may not want to take antiretroviral medications in front of others, fearing that people may ask questions about their pills and the reasons for taking them. The effects of stigma include a cascade of other negative outcomes as well, including poor self-esteem and self-efficacy, especially self-efficacy for disclosure and for coping. Yet it is nearly impossible to intervene with those who stigmatize others because this group is often as broad as the general public, and they may not be interested in an intervention. Therefore, the best approach may be to work with women who are experiencing stigma, in an effort to decrease stigma, improve self-esteem and coping self-efficacy, and facilitate safe disclosure. To date, there have been few interventions to help HIV-infected women deal with stigma. One option would be a video converted to an Moving Picture 4 (MP4) file that can be viewed on an iPod Touch, a small portable viewing device, allowing the woman privacy and safety in viewing. Barroso (primary investigator on the proposed study) assisted in the creation of a video on stigma for women with HIV infection, based on the results of a qualitative metasynthesis. The 45-minute video presents vignettes about five seropositive women and the ways in which stigma has impacted their lives. The primary aim of the proposed study is to assess the feasibility, acceptability and utility of implementing this low-cost, technologically delivered intervention to mitigate the negative effects of HIV-related stigma on seropositive women. The secondary aim is to compare outcomes across time in women who receive the stigma intervention with those of a control group receiving usual care at baseline, 30, and 90 days, and to determine effect sizes for a larger definitive study to test the efficacy of this intervention in reducing internalized stigma, improving coping self-efficacy and self-esteem, and facilitating safe disclosure in HIV-infected women. The investigators believe that this intervention is innovative because they are the first investigators to propose using a video, developed from the findings of a metasynthesis of studies about stigma as it is experienced by HIV-infected women, for this purpose. It is also innovative in the use of a portable viewing device which will allow the women to safely and privately view the video. The investigators further believe that this intervention has the potential to make a significant impact, at a low cost in terms of money and personnel time, in mitigating stigma.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
99

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • North Carolina
      • Henderson, North Carolina, United States, 27710
        • Duke University clinics

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • speaks, understands, and reads English
  • Scores over 40 on Internalized Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stigma Scale
  • HIV positive
  • mentally competent to give informed consent

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Received video intervention
The group of women who received an Ipod Touch with the video loaded onto it and told to view it at least once a week for the first 4 weeks, and as often as desired in weeks 5-12.
Behavioral: Ipod video
This group will be asked to watch the video on their Ipod Touch in its entirety at least once per week during the first four weeks of the study, and as often as desired in weeks 5-12. The participants will be asked to record the times viewed and their feelings/comments in a viewing log, and will be given surveys at 30 and 90 days.
No Intervention: Did not receive video
This group does not receive the video intervention during the study period, and will complete surveys at baseline, 30 days and 90 days for comparison to the intervention group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Feasibility of implementing a stigma reduction intervention among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected women
Time Frame: 90 days
We will test whether the use of an Ipod Touch video intervention is feasible in this study population by comparing baseline data with data collected at 30 days into the intervention and upon completion of the intervention at 90 days.
90 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Acceptability of the use of a portable device to deliver a video intervention among Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)-infected women
Time Frame: 90 days
We will test whether the means and the method employed to deliver this intervention are acceptable to the study population through the collection of qualitative data at 30 days and 90 days.
90 days
Utility of the use of a portable media device to deliver stigma-reduction intervention among Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)-infected women
Time Frame: 90 days
We will test whether the intervention method is useful to the study population in achieving the desired outcome by measuring feelings of stigma at baseline, 30 days and 90 days and assessing positive change.
90 days
Change from baseline in levels of internalized stigma
Time Frame: 90 days
We will test whether this intervention reduces the level of internalized stigma experienced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)-positive women, comparing baseline levels with levels at 30 days and 90 days.
90 days
Change from baseline in levels of coping self-efficacy
Time Frame: 30 days, 90 days
We will test whether this study increases the coping skills and belief in ability to cope in the women who receive it.
30 days, 90 days
Change in safe disclosure behaviors from baseline
Time Frame: 90 days
Though they were not expressly told to disclose their status as a part of this study, we would like to find out whether this video inspires women to disclose their status to family members, sexual partners, and other support people whom they deem to be safe and trustworthy confidantes.
90 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Duke University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Julie Barroso, PhD, Duke University School of Nursing

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2011

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 1, 2014

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 14, 2011

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 29, 2011

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 30, 2011

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 22, 2014

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 20, 2014

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Pro00028044
  • 1R21NR012415-01A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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