Physical Activity and Daily Experiences Study

November 21, 2017 updated by: Penn State University

Developing a Real-time, Ecologically Sensitive Physical Activity Intervention Using Smartphones and Bluetooth-enabled Pedometers: Feasibility and Initial Efficacy

Lack of physical activity is associated with negative health outcomes, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. There are calls from NIH and medical organizations to integrate the use mobile devices, such as smartphones, to provide "e-health" interventions to patients in their daily life. Referred to as Ecological Momentary Interventions [EMI], these innovative mobile methods provide an opportunity for researchers and clinicians to offer tailored intervention material to people at specific times and in specific settings when they may be most in need of such support. To our knowledge no study has used objective ambulatory assessment data to deliver EMI. This preliminary work is to demonstrate the feasibility, and test preliminary efficacy, of using a Bluetooth accelerometer to provide real-time feedback on a smartphone to increase objectively measured steps (i.e., increase activity). A within-person design will be used, including assessment, intervention, and follow-up phases. During the assessment phase objective physical activity (using accelerometers) will be collected. In the intervention phase participants will also receive real-time feedback throughout the day regarding their total steps and personalized step goals. Objectively measured steps and disease status measures will be used to evaluate efficacy.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Lack of physical activity is associated with negative health outcomes, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. A myriad of interventions aimed at increasing daily physical activity (PA) exist. Increasing PA levels has been shown to improve health among patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Accelerometers and pedometers can be useful tools in such interventions, particularly when used to provide participants with individualized feedback on progress toward PA goals. These programs typically require participants to set PA goals (e.g., number of steps/day), wear pedometers, and record daily activity levels from the pedometers. This process relies heavily on accurate self-reported information and is both time- and effort-intensive for participants, thus limiting acceptability and longer-term viability of this intervention option.

There is an increasing trend in health behavior research to use mobile devices, such as smartphones to provide interventions. These methods - known as Ecological Momentary Interventions [EMI] - are innovative because they allow researchers and clinicians to offered information to people at specific times and in settings when they may be most in need of such support. One way EMI can be tailored is by having participants complete repeated self-report assessments on mobile devices such as smartphones (known as Ecological Momentary Assessment [EMA]), and then using this material to identify times when people are in need of intervention. Although some studies (including recent studies conducted by members of our research team) have developed interventions that use EMA to create real-time interventions that are delivered in daily life, to our knowledge no study has used objective ambulatory assessment data to do so. Using objective data is potentially advantageous because it utilizes passive data collection (requiring little or no input by participants), and thus reduces participant burden and potential concerns regarding accuracy of self-reported data.

The first aim of this study is to establish the feasibility and acceptability of integrating Bluetooth-enabled activity monitor with smartphones to provide real-time feedback regarding physical activity in everyday life. We will evaluate feasibility and acceptability of this intervention method by tracking intervention delivery and participant compliance with EMA. This information will be automatically recorded by smartphone and activity monitor.

The second aim of this work is to provide a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of delivering real-time feedback based on objectively measured PA. Our primary outcome is number of objectively measured steps. It is expected that participants will increase from their baseline number of steps when receiving personalized feedback and reminders on the smartphones.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
37

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Pennsylvania
      • University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 16801
        • Pennsylvania State University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 or older
  • English literate
  • A BMI ranging from 25-40 (overweight or obese), based on self-report height and weight
  • Not meeting current national physical activity guidelines
  • Self-report they are able to walk unassisted, without the help of a wheel chair, walker, cane, crutches, or other walking aids
  • Medically cleared to participate by completing screening form
  • For women: not currently pregnant or actively trying to get pregnant for duration of study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Younger than 18
  • Not English literate
  • Self-report they are unable to walk unassisted, without the help of a wheel chair, walker, cane, crutches, or other walking aids
  • A BMI outside of inclusion range (<25 or >40), based on self-report height and weight
  • Meeting current national physical activity guidelines
  • Not medically cleared to participate
  • For women: currently pregnant or actively trying to get pregnant for duration of study. Pregnant women or those trying to become pregnant will be excluded because pregnancy may interfere with women's ability to go about previously normal activities, and will influence our outcome measures (e.g., BMI).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: DOUBLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
NO_INTERVENTION: Accelerometer only
Wear accelerometer only to measure activity levels (steps)
NO_INTERVENTION: Accelerometer plus EMA
Wear accelerometer and complete Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) surveys on smartphone 5 times daily
EXPERIMENTAL: Feedback on smartphone
Wear accelerometer, complete EMA surveys on smartphone 5 times daily, receive intervention
Behavioral: Feedback on smartphone
Receive personalized feedback (EMI) on smartphone regarding physical activity

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Number of steps
Time Frame: during intervention (~28 days)
during intervention (~28 days)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
BMI
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Baseline, Post-intervention
blood pressure
Time Frame: Baseline
Baseline
Hemoglobin A1c
Time Frame: Baseline
Baseline
waist-hip ratio
Time Frame: Baseline
Baseline

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Perceived Stress
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Perceived Stress Scale
Baseline, Post-intervention
Depression
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
Baseline, Post-intervention
Social Support
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Social Network Index Survey
Baseline, Post-intervention
Satisfaction with Life
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Satisfaction with Life Scale
Baseline, Post-intervention
Barriers for Physical Activity
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Barriers for Physical Activity Questionnaire
Baseline, Post-intervention
Social Support and Exercise
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Social Support and Exercise Survey
Baseline, Post-intervention
Outcomes of Exercise
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Outcomes of Exercise Questionnaire
Baseline, Post-intervention
Walking measure
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Walking Questionnaire
Baseline, Post-intervention
Habit Index for Physical Activity
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Habit Index for Physical Activity
Baseline, Post-intervention
Rumination
Time Frame: Baseline, Post-intervention
Rumination Questionnaire
Baseline, Post-intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Penn State University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Kristin Heron, Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 1, 2013

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 1, 2015

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 22, 2013

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 3, 2013

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 9, 2013

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 24, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 21, 2017

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • CTSI-BENI-Heron

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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