Iron Deficiency (ID) in Infants (CARMA)

March 2, 2026 updated by: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris

Iron Deficiency in Infants : Population-wide Study of the Protective Role of Toddler Milk Formula

ID in children is the most frequent micronutrient deficiency in industrialized countries, including France. ID induces neurological impairment reducing cognitive, motor, and behavioral capacities in children in the short and long term.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the principal determinants of ID in France in two-year-old children and to improve strategies for prevention and screening.

The main objective is to study the association between iron status in two-year-old infants living in France and the consumption of toddler milk formula after taking non-dairy iron ingestion, parental socioeconomic status and educational level into account.

The secondary objectives are the following :

  • to estimate the prevalence of ID and ID anemia in 2-year-old children living in France.
  • to improve clinical tools for ID screening. to improve strategies for laboratory screening.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The general methodology planned is a nationwide observational cross-sectional study including a blood sample and nutritional survey. 100 pediatricians will include children from 21 regions different from a geographic and a dietary point of view. Each pediatrician will include 10 children consecutively including 3 with the french medical healthcare coverage called CMU (which is a precariousness marker).

The study will take place according to the following plan and procedures for each child: D1 recruitment in the physician-investigator's office (verification of inclusion criteria and collection of the first parent's consent, clinical data collection, prescription for blood test and delivery of the kit containing the elements needed for the study for the patients); between D8 and D15, performance of the standard laboratory tests to be performed locally in the medical laboratory normally used by the family, and the sending of samples for specific analyses (especially biochemistry) to reference laboratory that will perform all these analyses for this study; between D2 and D7, a 3-day food survey based on a food diary (see below); between D20 and D60, final study visit to the doctor's office (help in completing the food diary, discussion of the laboratory results, prescription of iron treatment if needed). The blood sample and/or the 3-days food survey will be delayed 15 days if any intercurrent disease which may interfere with biological markers or food intake (for example acute gastro-enteritis, fever) appears after D1 of inclusion.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
830

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • France
      • Paris, France, 75015
        • Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

1 year to 2 years (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Infants aged 22-26 months
  • living usually in France
  • written agreement of one parent or the holder of parental authority
  • followed-up by a liberal paediatrician
  • with social coverage

Exclusion Criteria:

  • chronic disease known at inclusion that might affect iron metabolism or reserves : blood transfusion since birth, celiac disease, chronic inflammatory disease, including of the intestines, cystic fibrosis, other enteropathy, enteral nutrition for more than 15 days in the past 6 months, chronic hemolytic diseases, chronic kidney disease, hemophilia, or chronic bleeding, such as ENT or gastrointestinal, hemochromatosis, any malignant condition, or lead poisoning)
  • participation to another study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Other: infants followed by pediatrician
Biological: Blood samples
1 blood sample of 9 ml. 3-day food diary , according to the European Food Safety Authority methodology

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Serum ferritin level
Time Frame: Between day 8 and day 15 (or plus 15 days)
Iron deficiency determined by serum ferritin level < 10 µg/l with C Reactive Protein (CRP) < 5 mg/l
Between day 8 and day 15 (or plus 15 days)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Haemoglobin blood level
Time Frame: Between day 8 and day 15 (or plus 15 days)
Iron-deficiency anemia determined by haemoglobin blood level < 11g/dl in infant with iron deficiency
Between day 8 and day 15 (or plus 15 days)
Dosage of biochemical markers (hepcidin, erythrocytic protoporphyrin)
Time Frame: Between day 8 and day 15 (or plus 15 days)
Between day 8 and day 15 (or plus 15 days)
Iron intake related to toddler milk formula
Time Frame: Between day 2 and day 7 (or plus 15 days)
Food diary
Between day 2 and day 7 (or plus 15 days)
Parents' economical and educational level
Time Frame: Day 1
Day 1

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
URC-CIC Paris Descartes Necker Cochin
Association Clinique Thérapeutique Infantile du val de Marne
Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire- AFPA
CERBA
Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Louis Mourier
INSERM 1153, Centre de Recherche Epidémiologique et Biostatistique

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Martin Chalumeau, MD, PhD, INSERM UMR 1153

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 6, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 15, 2018

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 25, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 25, 2015

First Posted (Estimated)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 29, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 4, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 2, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • P140314

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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