Combined Effects of Meal Frequency and Protein Load on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

August 18, 2015 updated by: Melvin Leow, Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore
This study examines the effect of meal frequency and meal composition on risk factors of cardiometabolic disease.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Cardio-Metabolic Disease (CMD) is the leading cause of death globally & in Singapore. Large scale epidemiological evidence confirmed that elevated postprandial Glucose, Insulin, Triglycerides are major risk factors for CMD. Recent evidence suggests benefits from high protein diets but the health effects of eating smaller meals remain enigmatic. The aim of this study is to examine Meal frequency (2-large vs 6-smaller isocaloric meals), under High or Low Protein loads on acute postprandial health biomarkers . The investigators hypothesized that Higher Protein & Higher Meal Frequency would be beneficial for cardiometabolic health.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
10

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

21 years to 40 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Chinese Males
  • Age: 21 - 50 years.
  • Body mass stable within the last 2 months by self-report.
  • Body mass index (BMI): < 30kg/m2.
  • Normal fasting blood glucose level≤ 6.0 mmol/L
  • Blood pressure ≤ 140/90 mmHg
  • Not participating in any dietary interventions in the past 2-months.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Special dietary practice (e.g. Vegetarians, Atkins diet) or diets due to religious reasons during the study period (e.g. Fasting for Ramadan)
  • Smoking.
  • Excessive alcohol consumption: consuming alcohol on >4 days per week with ≥5 alcoholic drinks (males) and ≥4 alcoholic drinks (females) per time (National Health Survey, 2010).
  • Metabolic Diseases (including thyroid dysfunction)
  • Using Medication affecting carbohydrate and fat metabolism
  • Allergy to any components of the provided meals (gluten, nuts, milk, dairy)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: CON-2
Consuming 2 Low Protein, High Carbohydrate Meals i.e. changing Meal Frequency and Protein Composition.
Other: Meal (Eating) Frequency
Dividing meal intake into 2 or 6 meals with equal energy content
Other: Protein Composition
Consuming meals with higher or lower protein.
Experimental: CON-6
Dividing meal intake into 6 smaller Low Protein, High Carbohydrate Meals. i.e. changing Meal Frequency and Protein Composition.
Other: Meal (Eating) Frequency
Dividing meal intake into 2 or 6 meals with equal energy content
Other: Protein Composition
Consuming meals with higher or lower protein.
Experimental: PRO-2
Consuming 2 High Protein, Low Carbohydrate Meals. i.e. changing Meal Frequency and Protein Composition.
Other: Meal (Eating) Frequency
Dividing meal intake into 2 or 6 meals with equal energy content
Other: Protein Composition
Consuming meals with higher or lower protein.
Experimental: PRO-6
Dividing meal intake into 6 smaller High Protein, Low Carbohydrate Meals. i.e. changing Meal Frequency and Protein Composition.
Other: Meal (Eating) Frequency
Dividing meal intake into 2 or 6 meals with equal energy content
Other: Protein Composition
Consuming meals with higher or lower protein.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Venous Plasma Glucose
Time Frame: Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Biochemical variable on a continuous scale.
Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Venous Plasma Insulin
Time Frame: Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Biochemical variable on a continuous scale.
Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Venous Plasma Triglyceride
Time Frame: Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Biochemical variable on a continuous scale.
Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Blood Pressure
Time Frame: Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Systolic and Diastolic Pressure measured in mmHg
Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Interstitial Glucose
Time Frame: Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Measured using a continuous glucose monitor.
Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Urinary F2 Isoprostanes
Time Frame: Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Biochemical variable on a continuous scale.
Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Subjective Appetite Ratings
Time Frame: Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets
Measured on a 100mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). 0mm=Not full at all, 100mm= Extremely full.
Postprandially 8.5 hours in response to the various diets

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 1, 2014

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 1, 2015

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 17, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 18, 2015

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 20, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 20, 2015

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 18, 2015

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2015/01504

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