The Impact of Piano Training on Cognitive Performance and Psychosocial Well-Being in Older Adults

April 29, 2019 updated by: Jennifer Bugos, University of South Florida
This project evaluates the effects of piano training and computerized cognitive training on cognitive performance in healthy older adults compared to controls. The project is intended for healthy older adults (60-80 years) with little to no previous musical training (less than three years of prior musical training or cognitive training and not currently engaged in music reading or musical performance, less than 10 hours of previous cognitive training). Investigators anticipate that musical engagement will serve as an enjoyable cognitive intervention for older adults. Investigators believe that piano training will enhance cognitive performance on executive functions essential for maintaining independence in older adulthood. Learning a musical instrument, while challenging, will improve self-efficacy, mood, and qualtiy of life. Participants engaged in piano training will demonstrate reduced cortisol levels and increased immune function responses. Investigators predict that adults enrolled in computerized cognitive training will demonstrate enhanced memory, working memory and self-efficacy post-training.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The project purpose is to scientifically examine the benefits of piano training as compared to computer cognitive training and no treatment controls on cognitive (processing speed, task-switching, verbal fluency, verbal memory, and working memory), psychosocial (mood, self-efficacy, and quality of life), and physiological variables (biomarkers) in healthy older adult participants in a randomized clinical trial design.

Participants: Ninety community dwelling older adults will be recruited from the community. Criteria for enrollment are: between the ages of 60-80, native English speakers, not currently taking medications affecting memory performance, have no pre-existing cognitive impairment or neurological disorders, (as indicated by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status > 30), no moderate to severe depression (as indicated by the Geriatric Depression Scale), no difficulty with hand movements, less than three years of prior musical training, not currently engaged in music reading or musical performance, and less than ten hours of prior computer brain training experience. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups stratified by intelligence and gender: piano instruction, computerized cognitive training or a no treatment control group. Informed written consent will be obtained in accordance with the Institutional Review Board.

Procedure: Participants will be tested in three visits: pre-training, immediately post-training, and three months follow-up. Those randomized to piano training or computerized cognitive training will complete their assigned training between pre-training and post-training visits. Measures of music aptitude and intelligence will be administered at the pre-training visit. These factors can influence cognitive performance. Any significant differences at baseline between the three assigned groups will be statistically controlled for in the analyses. Standardized cognitive measures will be used to examine processing speed, task-switching, verbal fluency, verbal memory, and working memory at each visit. Psychosocial outcomes (mood, self-efficacy, and quality of life) and physiological biomarkers will also be evaluated at each visit.

The goal for both interventions will be to complete 48 hours of group training over a four month period (16 weeks). Sixty participants (30 piano training; 30 auditory computer training) will be asked to attend three hours of training each week. Thirty participants will serve in the no treatment control group. Piano training will consist of basic piano technique, dexterity exercises, piano literature, and music theory. Participants will be expected to perform all major scales, repertoire from the Alfred All-in-One Method, and complete weekly theory assignments. Each class session is structured as a cognitive intervention that focuses upon review of materials (15-20 min), and the remaining portion of the class focuses upon learning new skills and concepts. Computerized cognitive training involves computerized perceptual practice exercises that vary in difficulty ranging from basic auditory processing speed to application through memory exercises. Within each exercise, the stimuli (i.e., tones, speech sounds, words, sentences) become less discriminable and speed of presentation increases (making the exercises more difficult) as performance improves. The Brain Fitness training program with working memory exercises will be used.

Data source(s). Data will consist of a series of standardized cognitive, psychosocial, and neurophysiological measures administered at three time points: pre-training, post-training, and at a three month follow-up. All standardized measures have been previously used to assess the efficacy of cognitive training approaches and demonstrate good psychometric properties.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
93

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Florida
      • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33620
        • University of South Florida

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

60 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Between the ages of 60-80
  • native English speakers
  • no pre-existing cognitive impairment or neurological impairment
  • not taking medications affecting memory performance (sleep meds, antidepressants, etc.)
  • Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (score >30)
  • no moderate to severe depression
  • no difficulty with hand movements
  • less than three years of formal music training
  • no difficulty with the movement of their hands
  • not currently engaged in music reading or musical performance
  • < 10 hours of previous cognitive training

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Those not between 60-80
  • those taking medications affecting memory performance
  • Non-Native English Speakers
  • Those with pre-existing cognitive impairment
  • Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (score < 30)
  • Those with difficulty in the movement of their hands
  • Those with more than three years of formal music training or currently engaged in music reading or music performance
  • Those with more than ten hours of cognitive training

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: A1 Piano Training
16 weekly classes will be provided to the piano training group. Each piano class session will focus upon review of materials (15-20 min), and the remaining portion of the class will focus upon learning new skills and concepts. This course includes finger dexterity exercises, basic piano technique, and basic piano repertoire.
Behavioral: Piano Training
The intervention focuses upon progressively difficult piano performance exercises (repertoire), technique, and finger dexterity exercises.
Experimental: A2 Computer Cognitive Training
16 weekly classes will be provided to the computerized cognitive training group. Computerized cognitive training involves process-based computerized practice of adaptive perceptual exercises. Each computer cognitive training class session will focus upon practice of cognitive exercises that vary in difficulty ranging from basic auditory processing speed to application through memory and working memory exercises. Within each exercise, the stimuli (i.e., tones, speech sounds, words, sentences) become less discriminable and speed of presentation increases (making the exercises more difficult) as performance improves.
Behavioral: Computer Cognitive Training
The intervention focuses upon progressively difficult perceptual exercises using the Brain Fitness program plus working memory exercises.
No Intervention: A 3 No Treatment Controls
No classes will be provided to our control group. This is a no-treatment control group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
N-Back
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Working Memory Measure in the Visual Domain
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Cued Color Word Stroop
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Cognitive Control, Inhibition
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Digit Coding- WAIS IV subtest
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Simple Processing Speed
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Symbol Search- WAIS IV subtest
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Visual Scanning
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT)
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Complex processing speed
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Verbal Memory
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Delis Kaplan Executive Function Verbal Fluency subtest
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Category Fluency, Letter Fluency, Category Switching
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Trail Making Test
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Planning and Processing Speed
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Finger Tapper Test
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Motor Speed
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Salivary Cortisol
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Stress Levels
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
SIgA levels
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Immune Function
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Musical Performance Self-Efficacy
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Musical Self-Efficacy
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
General Self-Efficacy
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
General Self-Efficacy
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Cognitive Self-Report Questionnaire (25)
Time Frame: (CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months
Mood
(CHANGE) up to 16 weeks and after study completion 7 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of South Florida

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Jennifer Bugos, PhD, Assistant Professor

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 1, 2015

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 1, 2017

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 16, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 28, 2015

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 1, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 1, 2019

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 29, 2019

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 19415

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

No, there is no plan to share individual participant data. We plan on publishing all data collectively.

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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