Relationships Among Body Mass Index, Body Balance and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

September 11, 2017 updated by: Azza Mohammed, Cairo University

Relationships Among Body Mass Index, Body Balance and Bone Mineral Density

Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and body balance are important factors that threaten postural control. They act as vital elements in the vicious circle that leads to fracture occurrence in elderly population, particularly postmenopausal women.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

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Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

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Detailed Description

  • The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the relationships among body mass index (BMI), body balance, and BMD (g/cm²) in postmenopausal women to be able to identify risk factors for fractures.
  • Forty-eight postmenopausal women participated in this study. Body balance was assessed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS), while BMD of the lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan.

The positive correlation between body balance and BMD in the current study can be explained that balance is controlled by sensory input, central processing, and neuromuscular responses. The sensory components consist of the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems. An effective motor response requires an intact neuromuscular system and sufficient muscle strength to return the COG within the BOS when balance is disturbed. Postural balance in individuals with osteoporosis is significantly worse than in healthy individuals. Moreover, it was determined that balance scores in individuals with osteoporosis were 11% worse than scores of healthy individuals. Furthermore, exaggerated thoracic kyphotic curve is not only a disfiguring effect of osteoporosis but may also play a significant role in gait disorder, instability, and risk of falls.

In addition, back pain has a harmful impact on both balance and functional mobility in women with osteoporosis. Individuals with back pain may reduce their level of physical activity and, as a result, become weak in muscles required for balance and functional mobility. Impairment of the musculoskeletal and/or the neuromuscular system may negatively affect both balance and functional mobility.

In the same context, it was proved that women with decreased BMD and increased thoracic kyphosis presented greater body sway in the anterior/posterior direction on the force platform indicating more displacement of foot center of pressure (COP). They also confirmed that postmenopausal women with low BMD and increased thoracic kyphosis depend more on the hip strategy to maintain their postural control. This in turn probably causes more displacement of foot COP, thus causing greater body sway in all directions in comparison with the ankle strategy. it was also showed that women with loss of bone mass and increased thoracic kyphosis presented less foot COP displacement in the AP direction compared with the control group (with normal bone mass and normal thoracic curve.

The current study results also revealed that BMI was negatively correlated with both BMD and body balance in postmenopausal women. This can be illustrated that obese elderly women are often afraid of falls and sustaining fractures, so they prefer immobility and minimize their physical activity as much as possible. Because bone is formed when needed and resorbed when not needed as known as Wolff's law, BMD decreases and osteopenia/osteoporosis develops. Low BMD affect bone health as it leads to fragile weak bone and this in turn disturbs postural control and body balance. Additionally, obese women fail to control their center of gravity (COG) within base of support (BOS) disturbing their postural control and body balance, increasing risk of falls and making them more liable to fractures.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
48

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

50 years to 60 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Forty-eight postmenopausal women participated in this study. Their mean values of age, body mass, height, and BMI were 53.5 ± 2.75 y, 89.08 ± 12.3 Kg, 159.67.8 ± 2.54 cm, and 34.89 ± 4.89 Kg/m², respectively. Body balance was assessed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS), while BMD of the lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • postmenopausal women with ages range from 50 to 60 years

Exclusion Criteria:

  • participation in sports
  • vertebrobasillar insufficiency
  • poor diet

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Case-Only
  • Time Perspectives: Retrospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
correlation between BMI and body balance
Time Frame: 7 months
correlation analysis between BMI and body balance
7 months
correlation between BMI and BMD
Time Frame: 7 months
correlation analysis between BMI and BMD
7 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Cairo University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • Liu-Ambrose T, Eng J, Khan K., Carter ND, McKay HA. Older women with osteoporosis have increased postural sway and weaker quadriceps strength than counterparts with normal bone mass: overlooked determinants of fracture risk? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003. 58 (9): 862-6. Shumway-Cook A, Brauer S, Woollacott M. Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the timed up and go test. Phys Ther. 2000. 80(9): 896-903. Sinaki M, Brey RH, Hughes CA, Larson DR, Kaufman KR. Balance disorder and increased risk of falls in osteoporosis and kyphosis: significance of kyphotic posture and muscle strength. Osteoporos Int. 2005.16 (8):1004-10. Liu-Ambrose T, Eng JJ, Khan KM, Mallinson A, Carter ND, McKay HA. The influence of back pain on balance and functional mobility in 65 to 75 year old women with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int. 2002. 13 (11): 868-73. Lynn SG, Sinaki M, Westerlind KC. Balance characteristics of person with osteoporosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997. 78 (3): 273-6. Frost HD. Wolff's law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. The angle Orthod. 1994. 64 (3): 175-80. Taes YE, Lapauw B, Vanbillemont G, Bogaert V, De Bac¬quer D, Zmierczak H, et al. Fat mass is negatively associat¬ed with cortical bone size in young healthy male siblings. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94 (7): 2325-31.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 1, 2015

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 1, 2015

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 4, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 11, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 12, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 12, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 11, 2017

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • P.T.REC/012/00731

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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