Dissemination and Implementation Field Trial of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder

November 29, 2021 updated by: Dr. Benjamin Goldstein, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
The overarching goal of this project is to evaluate the feasibility of implementing dialectical behavior therapy DBT for adolescents with bipolar disorder in an outpatient mental health clinic. In collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh, this study will measure study therapists' knowledge of the DBT model, adherence to the treatment model, and satisfaction with the treatment model.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study proposes to implement dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) in an outpatient mental health clinic serving youth with bipolar spectrum disorders. In collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh, this study will systemically operationalize, implement, and examine the specific training, supervision, and programmatic systems needed to successfully implement and sustain the intervention in an adherent manner to achieve positive patient outcomes. This study therefore presents a unique opportunity to enhance understanding of the necessary procedures for implementing the treatment in the community, while allowing us to examine effectiveness of the intervention at the community level.

Aim 1: To examine the short- and longer-term feasibility and acceptability of a training program in DBT for adolescents with BD through clinician satisfaction ratings.

Aim 2: To examine the short- and longer-term effects of the training on practitioner knowledge and performance, and patient outcomes.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

21

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

    • Ontario
      • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M4N3M5
        • Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

13 years to 19 years (ADULT, CHILD)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • English-speaking
  • Age 13 years, 0 months to 19 years, 11 months
  • Meet diagnostic criteria for BD by KSADS-PL
  • Engaged in, or willing to proceed with, a pharmacotherapy regimen
  • At least one parent/guardian with whom the patient lives or regularly interacts (>5 hours per week) is willing to participate in skills training
  • Able and willing to give informed consent/assent to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Evidence of mental retardation, moderate to severe pervasive developmental disorder, or organic central nervous system disorder by the K-SADS-PL, parent report, medical history, or school records
  • A life-threatening medical condition requiring immediate treatment
  • Current victim of sexual or physical abuse.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: NA
  • Interventional Model: SINGLE_GROUP
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Adolescents with bipolar disorder
40 adolescents aged 13 to 19 with bipolar disorder (type I, type II, not otherwise specified/nos) will be enrolled in the dialectical behavioral therapy intervention.
DBT will be conducted over 1 year, and divided into two modalities: skills training, conducted in 60 minute biweekly family meetings and individual therapy conducted in 60 minute biweekly sessions. Family skills training proceeds as follows: psychoeducation about DBT and bipolar disorder, mindfulness skills, emotion regulation skills, distress tolerance skills, interpersonal skills, and walking the middle path skills. Individual therapy sessions aim to aid the adolescent in applying skills in their daily lives. We adopt the standard DBT hierarchy of treatment targets, whereby the individual therapist selects behaviors to focus on based on the following priorities: 1) decreasing life-threatening behaviors, 2) decreasing therapy-interfering behaviors, 3) decreasing quality-of-life interfering behaviors, and 4) increasing behavioral skills. Therapists will be available to participants and their participating family members by cell phone for in-vivo skills coaching between sessions.
Other Names:
  • DBT

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Therapist satisfaction and acceptability
Time Frame: Baseline
Therapists will complete a questionnaire (Therapist Satisfaction and Acceptability Questionnaire) assessing their satisfaction with the training and treatment approach at 6 months. Acceptability will be defined as mean acceptability ratings > 5 ("acceptable") on a likert scale from 1 ("very unacceptable") to 7 ("very acceptable").
Baseline
Therapist satisfaction and acceptability
Time Frame: 6 months
Therapists will complete a questionnaire (Therapist Satisfaction and Acceptability Questionnaire) assessing their satisfaction with the training and treatment approach at 6 months. Acceptability will be defined as mean acceptability ratings > 5 ("acceptable") on a likert scale from 1 ("very unacceptable") to 7 ("very acceptable").
6 months
therapists will adhere to the DBT Adherence Rating Scale
Time Frame: End of study year 2
Tapes will be rated for adherence using the DBT Adherence Rating scale. The scale generates a Global Score of DBT adherence and subscale scores for the 12 DBT strategy domains. To examine sustained adherence, each therapist will submit 3 consecutive sessions for adherence coding. The rating scale is not available to the public and is utilized by the DBT-Linehan Board of Certification (copyright). Please see http://www.dbt-lbc.org/downloads/Applicant_Handbook_final_with_RW_review_2018.pdf for more information.
End of study year 2
Therapists will obtain a passing grade of the DBT Certification Exam
Time Frame: 1 year
Clinicians will attain knowledge and fidelity required to pass the DBT certification examination (exam total score ≥ 80%; passing score on case conceptualization; two of three consecutive tapes coded at or above adherence). Please see the certification manual http://www.dbt-lbc.org/downloads/Applicant_Handbook_final_with_RW_review_2018.pdf for more information.
1 year
Therapist satisfaction and acceptability
Time Frame: 12 months
Therapists will complete a questionnaire (Therapist Satisfaction and Acceptability Questionnaire) assessing their satisfaction with the training and treatment approach at 12 months. Acceptability will be defined as mean acceptability ratings > 5 ("acceptable") on a likert scale from 1 ("very unacceptable") to 7 ("very acceptable").
12 months
Therapist satisfaction and acceptability
Time Frame: 24 months
Therapists will complete a questionnaire (Therapist Satisfaction and Acceptability Questionnaire) assessing their satisfaction with the training and treatment approach at 24 months. Acceptability will be defined as mean acceptability ratings > 5 ("acceptable") on a likert scale from 1 ("very unacceptable") to 7 ("very acceptable").
24 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in symptoms using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE)
Time Frame: Baseline to 6 months
The Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE) will provide a comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal picture of the symptomatic and psychosocial course and outcome of all participants in this study. Scores range from 0-3 on certain disorders and 0-6 for other disorders. High scores indicate high level of symptom impairment.
Baseline to 6 months
Change in symptoms using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE)
Time Frame: 6 months to 12 months
The Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE) will provide a comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal picture of the symptomatic and psychosocial course and outcome of all participants in this study. Scores range from 0-3 on certain disorders and 0-6 for other disorders. High scores indicate high level of symptom impairment.
6 months to 12 months
Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Present and Life Version (K-SADS-PL)
Time Frame: Baseline
The K-SADS-PL is a semi-structured interview designed to ascertain present episode and lifetime history of psychiatric illness, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria for children and adolescents.
Baseline
K-SADS Mania Rating Scale (MRS)
Time Frame: Baseline
The K-SADS MRS is a 13-item rating scale with scores ranging from 0 to 6. In addition to assessing common manic symptoms, it includes the K-SADS-PL items that assess the presence and severity of hallucinations and delusions.
Baseline
Depression section of the K-SADS-Present Episode Version (K-SADS-Dep)
Time Frame: Baseline
The K-SADS-Dep will be used to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. It is a 21-item semi-structured interview that allows depression symptom severity to be rated on a 6-point scale, from none to severe.
Baseline
Change in hypo/mania symptoms using the Child Mania Rating Scale (CMRS)
Time Frame: Baseline to 3 months
Parent and adolescent reported depressive and manic symptoms will be measured via the CMRS. The CMRS is a valid 21-item screening instrument, reflecting the DSM-IV criteria for a manic episode, with each response rated on a four-point Likert-type scale.
Baseline to 3 months
Change in hypo/mania symptoms using the Child Mania Rating Scale (CMRS)
Time Frame: 3 months to 6 months
Parent and adolescent reported depressive and manic symptoms will be measured via the CMRS. The CMRS is a valid 21-item screening instrument, reflecting the DSM-IV criteria for a manic episode, with each response rated on a four-point Likert-type scale.
3 months to 6 months
Change in hypo/mania symptoms using the Child Mania Rating Scale (CMRS)
Time Frame: 6 months to 9 months
Parent and adolescent reported depressive and manic symptoms will be measured via the CMRS. The CMRS is a valid 21-item screening instrument, reflecting the DSM-IV criteria for a manic episode, with each response rated on a four-point Likert-type scale.
6 months to 9 months
Change in hypo/mania symptoms using the Child Mania Rating Scale (CMRS)
Time Frame: 9 months to 12 months
Parent and adolescent reported depressive and manic symptoms will be measured via the CMRS. The CMRS is a valid 21-item screening instrument, reflecting the DSM-IV criteria for a manic episode, with each response rated on a four-point Likert-type scale.
9 months to 12 months
Change in suicidality using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
Time Frame: Baseline to 6 months
We will assess suicidal events (past and over follow-up) with the Pediatric Version of the C-SSRS. The C-SSRS has sound psychometric properties, yields ratings of widely accepted definitions of youth suicidal events, and was used in other pediatric treatment trials yielding standardized outcomes to compare across studies. This is a semi-structured interview that includes yes/no questions as well as narrative. It captures number of suicidal events as well as type and severity.
Baseline to 6 months
Change in suicidality using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
Time Frame: 6 months to 12 months
We will assess suicidal events (past and over follow-up) with the Pediatric Version of the C-SSRS. The C-SSRS has sound psychometric properties, yields ratings of widely accepted definitions of youth suicidal events, and was used in other pediatric treatment trials yielding standardized outcomes to compare across studies. This is a semi-structured interview that includes yes/no questions as well as narrative. It captures number of suicidal events as well as type and severity.
6 months to 12 months
Change in symptoms using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ)
Time Frame: Baseline to 3 months,
Self-reported depressive and manic symptoms will be measured via the MFQ. Responses are made on a 3-point scale ("0=not true", "1=sometimes true" and "2=true").
Baseline to 3 months,
Change in symptoms using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ)
Time Frame: 3 months to 6 months
Self-reported depressive and manic symptoms will be measured via the MFQ. Responses are made on a 3-point scale ("0=not true", "1=sometimes true" and "2=true").
3 months to 6 months
Change in symptoms using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ)
Time Frame: 6 months to 9 months
Self-reported depressive and manic symptoms will be measured via the MFQ. Responses are made on a 3-point scale ("0=not true", "1=sometimes true" and "2=true").
6 months to 9 months
Change in symptoms using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ)
Time Frame: 9 months to 12 months
Self-reported depressive and manic symptoms will be measured via the MFQ. Responses are made on a 3-point scale ("0=not true", "1=sometimes true" and "2=true").
9 months to 12 months
Change in suicidality using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ)
Time Frame: Baseline to 3 months
Adolescents will also complete the self-report SIQ, which is intended to identify adolescents whose level of suicidal ideation is severe enough to warrant further intervention. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale (0= "I never had this thought" to 6="almost every day") and is used to indicate the frequency with which the adolescent experiences each thought.
Baseline to 3 months
Change in suicidality using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ)
Time Frame: 3 months to 6 months
Adolescents will also complete the self-report SIQ, which is intended to identify adolescents whose level of suicidal ideation is severe enough to warrant further intervention. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale (0= "I never had this thought" to 6="almost every day") and is used to indicate the frequency with which the adolescent experiences each thought.
3 months to 6 months
Change in suicidality using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ)
Time Frame: 6 months to 9 months
Adolescents will also complete the self-report SIQ, which is intended to identify adolescents whose level of suicidal ideation is severe enough to warrant further intervention. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale (0= "I never had this thought" to 6="almost every day") and is used to indicate the frequency with which the adolescent experiences each thought.
6 months to 9 months
Change in suicidality using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ)
Time Frame: 9 months to 12 months
Adolescents will also complete the self-report SIQ, which is intended to identify adolescents whose level of suicidal ideation is severe enough to warrant further intervention. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale (0= "I never had this thought" to 6="almost every day") and is used to indicate the frequency with which the adolescent experiences each thought.
9 months to 12 months
Change in emotion regulation using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
Time Frame: Baseline to 3 months
Adolescents will also complete the DERS, a 36-item questionnaire assessing emotional dysregulation. Participants indicate how often each item applies to them on a scale from 1="almost never; 0-10%" to 5= "almost always; 91-100%".
Baseline to 3 months
Change in emotion regulation using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
Time Frame: 3 months to 6 months
Adolescents will also complete the DERS, a 36-item questionnaire assessing emotional dysregulation. Participants indicate how often each item applies to them on a scale from 1="almost never; 0-10%" to 5= "almost always; 91-100%".
3 months to 6 months
Change in emotion regulation using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
Time Frame: 6 months to 9 months
Adolescents will also complete the DERS, a 36-item questionnaire assessing emotional dysregulation. Participants indicate how often each item applies to them on a scale from 1="almost never; 0-10%" to 5= "almost always; 91-100%".
6 months to 9 months
Change in emotion regulation using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
Time Frame: 9 months to 12 months
Adolescents will also complete the DERS, a 36-item questionnaire assessing emotional dysregulation. Participants indicate how often each item applies to them on a scale from 1="almost never; 0-10%" to 5= "almost always; 91-100%".
9 months to 12 months
Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (18-item)
Time Frame: 12 months
Following the year-long DBT intervention, patients and parents will complete an 18-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire. This assesses clients' satisfaction of the service (responses range from quite dissatisfied to very satisfied) as well as whether or not the service addressed the clients' needs.
12 months
Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (18-item)
Time Frame: 3 months
Following the year-long DBT intervention, patients and parents will complete an 18-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire. This assesses clients' satisfaction of the service (responses range from quite dissatisfied to very satisfied) as well as whether or not the service addressed the clients' needs.
3 months
Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (18-item)
Time Frame: 6 months
Following the year-long DBT intervention, patients and parents will complete an 18-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire. This assesses clients' satisfaction of the service (responses range from quite dissatisfied to very satisfied) as well as whether or not the service addressed the clients' needs.
6 months
Change in symptoms using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV): Borderline Personality Disorder
Time Frame: Baseline to 6 months
Borderline and antisocial personality symptoms will be assessed using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality. The SID-P uses a semi structured interview format to assess for symptoms of personality disorders.
Baseline to 6 months
Change in symptoms using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV): Borderline Personality Disorder
Time Frame: 6 months to 12 months
Borderline and antisocial personality symptoms will be assessed using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality. The SID-P uses a semi structured interview format to assess for symptoms of personality disorders.
6 months to 12 months
Change in affective lability using the Children's Affective Lability Scale (CALS)
Time Frame: Baseline to 3 months
The CALS is a reliable 20-item adolescent- and parent-reported measure of mood lability, derived from the adult Affective Lability Scale that was specifically designed for adults with BD. It yields a total score as well as an angry/depressed factor and a disinhibited/impersistent factor.
Baseline to 3 months
Change in affective lability using the Children's Affective Lability Scale (CALS)
Time Frame: 3 months to 6 months
The CALS is a reliable 20-item adolescent- and parent-reported measure of mood lability, derived from the adult Affective Lability Scale that was specifically designed for adults with BD. It yields a total score as well as an angry/depressed factor and a disinhibited/impersistent factor.
3 months to 6 months
Change in affective lability using the Children's Affective Lability Scale (CALS)
Time Frame: 6 months to 9 months
The CALS is a reliable 20-item adolescent- and parent-reported measure of mood lability, derived from the adult Affective Lability Scale that was specifically designed for adults with BD. It yields a total score as well as an angry/depressed factor and a disinhibited/impersistent factor.
6 months to 9 months
Change in affective lability using the Children's Affective Lability Scale (CALS)
Time Frame: 9 months to 12 months
The CALS is a reliable 20-item adolescent- and parent-reported measure of mood lability, derived from the adult Affective Lability Scale that was specifically designed for adults with BD. It yields a total score as well as an angry/depressed factor and a disinhibited/impersistent factor.
9 months to 12 months
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Barriers to Implementation
Time Frame: Baseline to 6 months
The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Barriers to Implementation (DBT-BTI) is a 26-item self-report survey that assesses barriers to DBT implementation in four domains: team, direction/motivation, theoretical position/philosophy, and administrative/structural problems. It is a yes/no questionnaire and higher scores indicate higher challenges in implementation. To be completed by DBT therapist participants.
Baseline to 6 months
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Barriers to Implementation
Time Frame: 6 months to 12 months
The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Barriers to Implementation (DBT-BTI) is a 26-item self-report survey that assesses barriers to DBT implementation in four domains: team, direction/motivation, theoretical position/philosophy, and administrative/structural problems. It is a yes/no questionnaire and higher scores indicate higher challenges in implementation. To be completed by DBT therapist participants.
6 months to 12 months
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Barriers to Implementation
Time Frame: 12 months to 24 months
The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Barriers to Implementation (DBT-BTI) is a 26-item self-report survey that assesses barriers to DBT implementation in four domains: team, direction/motivation, theoretical position/philosophy, and administrative/structural problems. It is a yes/no questionnaire and higher scores indicate higher challenges in implementation. To be completed by DBT therapist participants.
12 months to 24 months
Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (name of scale)
Time Frame: Baseline to 6 months
Therapists will complete the Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument which is a well-validated and widely used measure, and is the only measure available that is designed to assess barriers and facilitators at each of the levels proposed within one instrument. It is a 16 item Likert scale questionnaire ranging from 1 to 6 with some items being reverse scored. High scores generally indicate challenges to implementation.
Baseline to 6 months
Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (name of scale)
Time Frame: 6 months to 12 months
Therapists will complete the Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument which is a well-validated and widely used measure, and is the only measure available that is designed to assess barriers and facilitators at each of the levels proposed within one instrument. It is a 16 item Likert scale questionnaire ranging from 1 to 6 with some items being reverse scored. High scores generally indicate challenges to implementation.
6 months to 12 months
Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (name of scale)
Time Frame: 12 months to 24 months
Therapists will complete the Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument which is a well-validated and widely used measure, and is the only measure available that is designed to assess barriers and facilitators at each of the levels proposed within one instrument. It is a 16 item Likert scale questionnaire ranging from 1 to 6 with some items being reverse scored. High scores generally indicate challenges to implementation.
12 months to 24 months
Implementation Climate Scale
Time Frame: Baseline to 6 months
The Implementation Climate Scale will enable the team to document relevant organizational processes the aid in implementation of this treatment and provide a context for other evidence-based treatment dissemination studies. This is a Likert scale from 0 to 4 with low scores indicating challenges with implementation.
Baseline to 6 months
Implementation Climate Scale
Time Frame: 6 months to 12 months
The Implementation Climate Scale will enable the team to document relevant organizational processes the aid in implementation of this treatment and provide a context for other evidence-based treatment dissemination studies. This is a Likert scale from 0 to 4 with low scores indicating challenges with implementation.
6 months to 12 months
Implementation Climate Scale
Time Frame: 12 months to 24 months
The Implementation Climate Scale will enable the team to document relevant organizational processes the aid in implementation of this treatment and provide a context for other evidence-based treatment dissemination studies. This is a Likert scale from 0 to 4 with low scores indicating challenges with implementation.
12 months to 24 months
Change in therapist self-assessment
Time Frame: Every month for two years through study completion, an average 24 months.
The Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Therapist Self-Assessment will allow for DBT therapists to provide subjective appraisals of their own level of comfort and confidence in applying the treatment. It also assesses the need for additional supervision from the study supervisor, consultant, and/or peer. Scores range from 1 to 7 on a Likert scale and high scores indicate high therapist level of comfort in implementing the treatment.
Every month for two years through study completion, an average 24 months.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Collaborators

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

January 31, 2019

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

November 8, 2021

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

November 8, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 31, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 4, 2018

First Posted (ACTUAL)

September 7, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

November 30, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 29, 2021

Last Verified

November 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 042-2018

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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