Tacrolimus Trial for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)

March 26, 2025 updated by: Unity Health Toronto
This study will investigate the effectiveness of oral low-dose tacrolimus for the treatment of recurrent nasal hemorrhage in HHT subjects. The primary outcome for the trials will be the reduction of epistaxis severity (minutes of bleeding per week). The biological outcomes of interest are the regression of vascular malformations as well as tissue and circulation biomarkers of the relevant mechanistic pathways. In this Phase II open label trial, we estimate a sample size of 30 subjects with HHT, with moderate-severe recurrent epistaxis will be required. Subject will be treated with a 6-month course of tacrolimus twice daily.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The aim is to study is to evaluate low-dose tacrolimus as a treatment for HHT. Rare disease presents a number of challenges in clinical trial design, including recruitment challenges, related power limitations and less knowledge about outcomes measurement. Considering these limitations, as well as the large variability in epistaxis measures across HHT patients, a trial design, with each subject receiving the study drug for six months and for one year an epistaxis daily dairy documentation, providing valuable information about seasonal variation.in epistaxis.

This study will investigate tacrolimus, given its demonstrated anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as compelling effects in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) models. Specifically, tacrolimus has been shown to oppose the gene expression upregulation of the identified pro-angiogenic markers, thus resulting in anti-angiogenic effects. There are two mechanisms to this. Firstly, recent evidence has shown tacrolimus to be a potent ALK1 signaling mimetic at the transcriptional level. This is particularly significant given that the ALK1 pathway signaling is lost in HHT via the hallmark ACVRL1 and ENG genes. Independent of its effect on the ALK1 pathway, tacrolimus has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of VGEF signaling.

As mentioned previously, the BMP9-ALK1-endoglin-Smad1/5/9 pathway in HHT, is a novel avenue of interest for treating hemorrhage in HHT and also regressing vascular malformations. Given the upstream inactivation of the ALK1 pathway, therapeutic potential via this pathway is dependent on Smad1/5/8 activation and signaling irrespective of the functional status of the corresponding ALK1 receptors. To this end, tacrolimus has been shown to activate Smad1/5/8 signaling in HHT patient-derived cells, thus confirming its therapeutic potential in HHT.

Tacrolimus also has anti-inflammatory effects, via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically IL2, which is associated with cytotoxic T cell proliferation and activation. Finally, recent evidence also demonstrated a reduction of vascular pathology in mouse models via tacrolimus administration. Tacrolimus also has the advantages of a proven safety track record for long-term use, given its long history in transplant medicine, and can be orally administered, making it more acceptable to patients. In addition to promising effects in laboratory-based studies, Canadian case study reported the regression of angiodysplasia and reduction of mucosal hemorrhage in a probable HHT patient who underwent liver transplantation following high-output cardiac failure and hepatic AVM development. A recent case report of treatment with oral low-dose -dose tacrolimus in an individual with HHT, found that tacrolimus dramatically improved epistaxis. Based on the evidence to date, the investigators hypothesize that oral low-dose tacrolimus will reduce nasal hemorrhage in HHT subjects, through anti-angiogenic and/or anti-inflammatory mechanisms, both of which have been implicated in HHT.

This clinical trial of oral low-dose tacrolimus (0.025mg/kg/day and adjusted to maintain blood levels of 2-5ng/ml 6-month course) in HHT subjects with moderate-severe recurrent nasal hemorrhage. Drug dosing and safety monitoring will be tailored specifically to the agent studied. The primary outcome will be reduction of bleeding minutes per week. In addition, vascular malformation tissue (cutaneous) will be obtained pre and post-investigational product from some subject, and stained for inflammatory, angiogenic and BMP9-ALK1-endoglin- SMAD1/5/9 pathway markers. In addition, pre-excision, vascular malformations will be imaged with speckle variance optical coherence tomography (SVOCT), in vivo non-invasive micro-angiography, to measure lesion structure, vessel volume and vessel density, as previously described. Tissue and imaging may provide important insights into physiological mechanisms that explain clinical changes. If the drugs studied are effective at reducing nasal hemorrhage, this will have important clinical implications for HHT patients.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
10

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Canada
    • Ontario
      • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B1W8
        • St. Michael's Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age > 18 years
  2. Clinical HHT diagnosis or personal genetic diagnosis of HHT
  3. Epistaxis at least 15 min per week (mean for past month)
  4. At least one telangiectasia (skin or mucosal) available for micro-imaging.
  5. Ability to give written informed consent, including compliance with the requirements of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Allergy/intolerance to the study drug or related agents
  2. Unstable medical illness
  3. Acute infection
  4. Creatinine > ULN (upper limit of normal)
  5. Liver transaminases (AST or ALT) >= 2x ULN
  6. Women participant who are pregnant or breastfeeding or plan to become pregnant during the duration of the study
  7. Women of childbearing potential not on effective contraception. Male participants of reproductive potential whose female partners are of childbearing potential and are not planning to use highly effective contraceptive method
  8. BHCG level <6 IUL (re-test if 6-24 IU/L)
  9. Specific contra-indications for study drug (detailed in the product monograph)
  10. Abnormal ECG where the QTc >480msec

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Tacrolimus immediate-release capsules
subjects will be treated with a 6 months course of oral low-dose tacrolimus capsules to be taken twice daily starting dose of 0.025 mg/kg/day, adjusted to maintain drug blood levels of 2-5ng/ml
Drug: Tacrolimus capsule (low-dose)
low-dose Tacrolimus will be given for 6 months followed by a washout period for 6 months

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The change in epistaxis (nose bleeding) severity using low-dose Tacrolimus
Time Frame: 96 weeks
Participants will be asked to maintain a daily diary for the duration of the study (96 weeks). Participants will record all epistaxis events daily, noting the duration in minutes and whether or not there was gushing during each nosebleed. The change in epistaxis severity will be measured from a sum of duration of all bleeding events each week, as measured from the participant daily diary.
96 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS)
Time Frame: Baseline, Weeks; 12,18,24,30,36,42,48,60,66,72,78,84,96
The epistaxis severity score is a six item questionnaire used to calculate a severity of HHT related nose bleeding. Each question is pertaining to the subject's typical symptoms within the last 3 months period. The first three questions are related to frequency, duration and intensity. The forth question whether or not medical attention was sought for nose bleeding. The remaining two questions are related to the presence of anemia and the need for blood transfusion due to nose bleeding. The resulting epistaxis severity score vary between; none 0-1, mild bleeding >1-4, moderate bleeding >4-7 and >7-10 for severe bleeding. The ESS questionnaire will be administered to participants at every clinic visit throughout the 96 weeks of the study.
Baseline, Weeks; 12,18,24,30,36,42,48,60,66,72,78,84,96
Change in Chronic Bleeding
Time Frame: Baseline, Weeks; 12,18,24,30,36,42,48,60,66,72,78,84,96
Blood samples will be taken to measure change in chronic bleeding as a safety measure. Samples will be taken prior to investigational product for a baseline value. This will be followed by measurements every six weeks during the periods of investigational product for comparative analysis
Baseline, Weeks; 12,18,24,30,36,42,48,60,66,72,78,84,96
Micro-Imaging to measure regression of Vascular Malformations
Time Frame: week 12, week 36, week 60, week 84
Telangiectases will be micro-imaged using an established medical imaging technique speckle variance optical coherence tomography (SVOCT). The micro-imaging will be used for vasculature measurements and structural images of the telangiectases.
week 12, week 36, week 60, week 84
The use of Telangiectasia tissue sample to look at the mechanisms of action of Tacrolimus
Time Frame: week 36, week 84
A punch biopsy of one cutaneous telangiectasia will be performed at two time points during the study. The biopsy tissue sample will be taken at the end of each 6 month active comparator treatment. The tissue will be analyze and stained for inflammatory, angiogenesis and BMP9-ALK1-endoglin-Smad1/5/9 pathway markers (VEGF, MMP-9, COX-2, Endoglin, ALK1 ) before and after treatment with Tacrolimus
week 36, week 84
Change in Biomarkers
Time Frame: Weeks: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96
In order to understand the mechanisms of Tacrolimus effects on vascular malformations and hemorrhage in HHT a serum/plasma sample will be collected before and after treatment with Tacrolimus to measure inflammatory, angiogenesis and BMP9-ALK1-endoglin-Smad1/5/9 pathway markers (VEGF, MMP-9, Thrombospondin-2, ESR, CRP, endothelin)
Weeks: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Unity Health Toronto

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
United States Department of Defense

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Marie E Faughnan, MD,MSc,FRCPC, Unity Health Toronto

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 20, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 15, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 21, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 20, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 20, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 27, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 1, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 26, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 170518448

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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