Development of Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) in Patients With Breast Cancer

February 27, 2026 updated by: Mayo Clinic

Development of Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) in Patients With Breast Cancer Who Have Residual Disease After Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy

Breast cancer patients who undergo neoadjuvant systemic therapy and have residual breast cancer identified at the time of surgery exhibit a high (>50%) risk of future life-threatening recurrences and death.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study is being done to collect blood and leftover surgical tissue from patients with breast cancer remaining after chemotherapy or endocrine therapy is completed. We will use the blood and tissue for future studies. These studies will try to find ways to treat future breast cancer patients.

Because there is cancer left in your body after breast cancer treatment is finished, we think the cancer may be different than other cancers. Tissue from surgery will be used to try to grow that kind of cancer in the lab so we can find out more about it and how to treat it.

Blood samples will be used to look at measurements of biomarkers to see how this cancer is different and seek new ways to identify and treat it.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
999

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Minnesota
      • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
        • Recruiting
        • Mayo Clinic
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Judy C. Boughey, M.D.
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Matthew P. Goetz, M.D.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients who have completed neoadjuvant systemic therapy who have residual disease on post-neoadjuvant imaging and are planning surgical resection

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ≥18 years.
  • Diagnosis of invasive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy.
  • Surgically resectable disease following neoadjuvant systemic treatment.

  • At least one of the following must be true:

    • Received at least 2 weeks of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy
    • Received at least 2 months of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with suggestion of residual disease on imaging
    • Began neoadjuvant chemotherapy or endocrine therapy but discontinued due to evidence of progressive disease by MRI, ultrasound, or physical examination
  • Provide written informed consent.
  • Willing to return to enrolling institution for breast cancer surgery.
  • Willingness to provide mandatory blood specimens for future research on breast cancer at Mayo Clinic.
  • Willingness to provide mandatory tissue specimens for future research on breast cancer at Mayo Clinic.
  • Willingness to provide mandatory tissue specimens for the generation of PDX and organoids to be used future research on breast cancer at Mayo Clinic.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Ineligible for surgery.
  • History of prior malignancy <3 years prior to registration. Exceptions for non-melanoma skin cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, non-invasive cancer (e.g., carcinoma in situ of the cervix).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Generate patient derived xenografts (PDX) and organoids from breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy
Time Frame: Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Utilize patient derived xenografts (PDX) models to study new drugs/drug combinations
Time Frame: Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Utilize patient derived xenografts (PDX) models to identify mechanisms of treatment resistance
Time Frame: Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Correlate the association between Cell Free DNA (cfDNA), Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and circulating immune cell subpopulations (as measured by CyTOF) with residual cancer burden
Time Frame: Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Correlate the association between Cell Free DNA (cfDNA) with residual cancer burden
Time Frame: Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Correlate the association between Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) with residual cancer burden
Time Frame: Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Correlate the association between circulating immune cell subpopulations (as measured by Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) with residual cancer burden
Time Frame: Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Generate autologous co-culture systems of peripheral blood immune cells and breast cancer tumor cells to study the endogenous antitumor immune response
Time Frame: Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration
Up to 12 months until death or a maximum of 20 years post registration

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Mayo Clinic

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Matthew P. Goetz, M.D., Mayo Clinic
  • Principal Investigator: Judy C. Boughey, M.D., Mayo Clinic

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 13, 2021

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 15, 2041

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 15, 2042

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 7, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 7, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 11, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 3, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 27, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • MC1933

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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