Alternating Energy Intake and Blood Fat Content After a Meal

August 25, 2022 updated by: Maastricht University Medical Center

The Effect of Alternating Energy Intake Compared to Regular Energy Intake on the Fat Content in the Blood After a Meal in Abdominally Obese Adults

Increasing evidence suggests that meal timing affects metabolic health. For example, intermittent fasting (IF) may have positive effects on plasma glucose and lipid levels, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure. However, IF protocols often result in significant weight loss. Therefore, it is not clear to what extent these beneficial metabolic effects are due to IF or to weight loss. Although the effect of IF independent of weight loss has been studied, daily energy intake in those studies did not differ between the days. Therefore, the investigators aim to examine the effect of alternating energy intake - i.e. standardised day-to-day fluctuations in energy intake - on metabolic health independent of weight loss.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
23

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Netherlands
    • Limburg
      • Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands, 6229 ER
        • Recruiting
        • Maastricht University Medical Center
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Ronald P. Mensink, PhD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Apparently healthy men and women as judged by study physician
  • Abdominally obese males (waist circumference ≥ 102 cm) and females (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm)
  • Aged between 18 - 75 years
  • Stable bodyweight (weight gain or loss ≤ 3 kg in the past three months)
  • Willingness to give up being a blood donor (or having donated blood) from 8 weeks before the start of the study, during the study and for 4 weeks after completion of the study
  • No difficult venipuncture as evidenced during the screening visit
  • Women should be pre- or postmenopausal
  • Sedentary (light exercise < 1 h per week) or moderately active (moderate exercise 1-2 h per week)
  • Having a general practitioner
  • Agreeing that the participant and general practitioner will be informed about medically relevant personal test results by a physician
  • Willing to comply to study protocol during study
  • Informed consent signed

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7 mmol/l
  • Fasting serum triacylglycerol ≥ 4.5 mmol/l
  • Fasting serum total cholesterol ≥ 8 mmol/l
  • Blood pressure ≥ 160/100 mm Hg
  • Current smoker, or smoking cessation < 12 months
  • Drug abuse
  • Alcohol abuse (≥ 21 alcohol consumptions per week)
  • Use of medication known to affect blood pressure, serum lipid metabolism, or glucose metabolism
  • Having a medical condition or history which might impact study measurements, to be judged by the study physician (e.g. myocardial infarction, angina, thrombosis, stroke, cancer, familiar hypercholesterolemia, liver or bowel disease or diabetes)
  • Active cardiovascular disease like congestive heart failure or cardiovascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident
  • Use of an investigational product within another biomedical intervention trial within the previous 1-month
  • Women who are perimenopausal, have an irregular menstrual cycle, or are pregnant
  • Use of over-the-counter and prescribed medication, which may interfere with study measurements (to be judged by the principal investigator), e.g. weight loss medication
  • Reported dietary habits: medically prescribed diets or slimming diets
  • Reported participation in night shift work 2 weeks prior to screening and/or during the study. Night work is defined as working between midnight and 6.00 AM

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Alternating energy intake schedule
To alternate between caloric overconsumption and caloric underconsumption from day-to-day
Other: Alternating Energy Intake
To alternate between caloric overconsumption (130% of usual total energy needs) and caloric underconsumption (70% of usual total energy needs) on a daily basis for 6 days/week followed by one ad libitum day for 4 weeks.
Active Comparator: Regular energy intake schedule
To consume the usual energy intake on a daily basis
Other: Regular Energy Intake
To consume the usual energy intake (100% of total energy needs) on a daily basis for 6 days/week, also followed by one ad libitum day for 4 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Triacylglycerol area under the curve (AUC)
Time Frame: 4 hours
The 4-hour AUC for triacylglycerol after consumption of a standardised mixed meal
4 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Fasting glucose metabolism
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, and twice in week 4
Fasting glucose metabolism (includes e.g. glucose and insulin concentrations)
Baseline, week 2, and twice in week 4
Fasting lipid metabolism
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, and twice in week 4
Fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein profile
Baseline, week 2, and twice in week 4
Marker for postprandial lipid metabolism
Time Frame: 4 hour period after consumption of a standardised mixed meal
Marker for lipid metabolism includes triacylglycerol and will be measured after consumption of a standardised mixed meal
4 hour period after consumption of a standardised mixed meal
Markers for postprandial glucose metabolism
Time Frame: 4 hour period after consumption of a standardised mixed meal
Markers for glucose metabolism include insulin and glucose and will be measured after consumption of a standardised mixed meal
4 hour period after consumption of a standardised mixed meal
24-hour glucose levels
Time Frame: 24 hours
The total area under the curve (tAUC) for 24-hour glucose as measured with a continuous glucose sensor
24 hours
Day-time glucose levels
Time Frame: From 07:00 to 22:00 (15 hours)
The tAUC for day-time glucose (07:00 - 22:00 h) as measured with a continuous glucose sensor
From 07:00 to 22:00 (15 hours)
Night-time glucose levels
Time Frame: From 22:01 to 06:59 (8 hours and 58 min)
The tAUC for night-time glucose (22:01 - 06:59 h) as measured with a continuous glucose sensor
From 22:01 to 06:59 (8 hours and 58 min)
Glucose levels after main meal consumption
Time Frame: 2 hours
The tAUC for glucose during 2 hours after main meal consumption (breakfast, lunch and dinner) as measured with a continuous glucose sensor.
2 hours
The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Time Frame: 24 hours
MAGE as parameter for the assessment of glycemic variability.
24 hours
Continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA)
Time Frame: 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours
CONGA to assess intraday glucose variability within predetermined time windows -> 1-hour interval (CONGA-1), 2-hour interval (CONGA-2), and 4-hour interval (CONGA-4).
1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) levels
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, and twice in week 4
Fasting hs-CRP as inflammatory marker
Baseline, week 2, and twice in week 4
Blood pressure
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Office systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Body weight
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Body weight in kilograms
Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Height
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Height in centimeters
Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Body Mass Index
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Body weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2
Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Waist circumference
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Waist circumference in centimeters
Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Hip circumference
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Hip circumference in centimeters
Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Waist to hip ratio
Time Frame: Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4
Waist and hip circumference will be used to report the waist to hip ratio
Baseline, week 2, week 3, and twice in week 4

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Maastricht University Medical Center

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 14, 2021

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 1, 2022

Study Completion (Anticipated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 20, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 18, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 20, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 26, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 25, 2022

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • METC 20-089

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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