Validity of Smart Cap and Smart Sweat Patch

November 10, 2022 updated by: PepsiCo Global R&D

Validity of a Smart Cap in Measuring Fluid Intake and a Smart Sweat Patch in Measuring Sweat Rate and Sweat Chloride Concentration During Exercise

The main objectives are to determine the validity of a Smart Cap in measuring fluid intake during running and fitness exercise and the validity of a Smart Sweat Patch in measuring sweat rate and sweat chloride concentration during outdoor cycling, running, and fitness exercise. A secondary objective is to compare regional sweating rate and sweat electrolyte concentrations (sodium, chloride, and potassium) on contralateral arms with vs. without tattoos.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
173

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Illinois
      • Barrington, Illinois, United States, 60010
        • Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI), 617 West Main Street
      • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60601
        • Grant Park, 337 E Randolph St
      • Deer Park, Illinois, United States, 60010
        • Cuba Marsh Forest Preserve, 24205 Cuba Rd

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

16 years to 65 years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Subject is male or female
  • Subject is 16-65 years of age
  • Subject is moderately-trained (participates in regular outdoor fitness (~1 h), cycling (1-2 h), or running (0.5-1 h) sessions ≥2x per week)
  • Subject is participating in an instructor-led fitness session, typical training run, or group bicycle ride

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Subject is pregnant
  • Subject is a smoker
  • Subject is taking a medication or oral supplement that could interfere with study results
  • Subject has an allergy to adhesives (e.g., experiences rash reactions to typical adhesive bandages)
  • Subject has ≥ 2 cardiovascular risk factors as assessed on the General Health History Questionnaire
  • Subject has participated in a clinical trial within past 30 days
  • Subject has participated in any PepsiCo trial within past 6 months
  • Subject has a condition the investigator believes would interfere with his/her ability to provide informed consent, comply with the study protocol, which might confound the interpretation of the study results or put the person at undue risk
  • Subject is employed by, or has a parent, guardian or other immediate family member employed by, a company that manufactures any products that compete with any Gatorade products. If subject is unsure if a company would be considered a competitor to Gatorade they will be asked to please let the study investigator know the name of the other company and the nature of their relationship to that company before they sign the informed consent.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Smart sweat patch for sweat rate and sweat chloride concentration
Epidermal microfluidic patch that is a flexible 27 cm2 platform with an adhesive backing that collects sweat through a skin-facing inlet port. Custom software uses the smartphone camera to capture and analyze the microfluidic patch.
Device: Sweat Patch, all subjects- running, fitness, cycling
Regional contralateral forearm patch
Placebo Comparator: Reference sweat patch for sweat rate and sweat electrolytes
Regional absorbent patch technique for sweat rate (gravimetry) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) by ion chromatography
Device: Reference sweat patch, all subjects - running, fitness, cycling
Regional contralateral forearm patch
Experimental: Smart Cap bottle fluid measurement
Fluid level sensor integrated into the squeeze bottle cap measures the amount of fluid remaining in the bottle via light reflection
Device: Smart Cap, running and fitness exercisers only
Bottle cap
Other: Reference method bottle fluid measurement
Scale weight of bottle (gravimetry method) for Smart Cap bottles (running and fitness subjects) and non-Smart Cap bottles (cyclists)
Other: Bottle Scale, all subjects - running, fitness, cycling
Bottle weight

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Fluid intake
Time Frame: Change from baseline to up to 1 hour of exercise
Smart Cap (sensor) versus Reference method (bottle weight)
Change from baseline to up to 1 hour of exercise
Regional sweating rate
Time Frame: Change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise
Sweat Patch versus Reference patch method
Change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise
Regional sweat chloride concentration
Time Frame: Change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise
Sweat Patch versus Reference patch method
Change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Regional sweating rate with versus without tattoos
Time Frame: Change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise
Reference sweat patch method
Change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise
Regional sweat sodium and potassium with versus without tattoos
Time Frame: Change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise
Reference sweat patch method
Change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise
Whole body sweat rate
Time Frame: Body mass change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise
Scale weight
Body mass change from baseline to up to 2 hours of exercise

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
PepsiCo Global R&D

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Lindsay Baker, PhD, PepsiCo Global R&D, Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI)

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 8, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 25, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 25, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 3, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 3, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 9, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 14, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 10, 2022

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • PEP-2104

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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