Effect of Remimazolam on Postoperative Delirium (RED)

August 8, 2026 updated by: Zhihong LU

Effect of General Anesthesia With Remimazolam Versus Propofol on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients

Remimazolam is a novel benzodiazepine with ultra-short onset and offset of its effect. It can be used for general anesthesia. However, classical benzodiazepine such as midazolam was reported to increase the risk of postoperative delirium. Thus, the investigators aim to investigate the effect of remimazolam general anesthesia on postoperative delirium in elderly patients.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
262

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • China
    • Shaanxi
      • Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710032
        • Xijing hospital, Fourth military medical university

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ≥60 years
  • patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

  • American Society of Anesthesiologists status ≥Ⅳ
  • history of neurologic or psychiatric diseases
  • difficulty in communication
  • abuse of drug or alcohol
  • suspected allergy to propofol or benzodiazepines
  • significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, or renal dysfunction

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: remimazolam
Remimazolam (0.15 mg/kg) is used for anesthesia induction. Remimazolam continuous infusion is used for general anesthesia maintenance; dosage:0.7-1.5mg/kg/h; duration: from start of anesthesia induction to end of surgery
Drug: remimazolam
continuous infusion
Active Comparator: propofol
Propofol (1.5 mg/kg) is used for anesthesia induction. Propofol continuous infusion is used for general anesthesia maintenance; dosage:4-8mg/kg/h; duration: from start of anesthesia induction to end of surgery
Drug: propofol
continuous infusion

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
incidence of delirium by 3 days after surgery
Time Frame: from end of surgery to 3 days after surgery, in a total of 3 days
from end of surgery to 3 days after surgery, in a total of 3 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
incidence of delirium by 1 day after surgery
Time Frame: from end of surgery to 1 day after surgery, in a total of 1 day
from end of surgery to 1 day after surgery, in a total of 1 day
incidence of hypotension during surgery
Time Frame: from start of anesthesia induction to extubation, in an average of 2 hours
hypotension is defined as systolic blood pressure decreasing by more than 20% of baseline value
from start of anesthesia induction to extubation, in an average of 2 hours
Duration of sleep on the first night after surgery
Time Frame: from end of surgery to 24 hours after surgery, in a total of 24 hours
sleep is monitored by a wrist acti-graphy
from end of surgery to 24 hours after surgery, in a total of 24 hours
incidence of delirium by 30 minutes after extubation (emergence delirium)
Time Frame: from extubation of tracheal tube to 30 minutes after extubation, in a total of 30 minutes
from extubation of tracheal tube to 30 minutes after extubation, in a total of 30 minutes
time to eye opening
Time Frame: from end of surgery to open eye response to verbal command, in an average of 10 minutes
from end of surgery to open eye response to verbal command, in an average of 10 minutes
time to orientation
Time Frame: from end of surgery to being able to speak out name in an average of 10 minutes
from end of surgery to being able to speak out name in an average of 10 minutes
dosage of vasoactive drugs during surgery
Time Frame: from start of anesthesia induction to extubation, in an average of 2 hours
vasoactive drugs refer to norepinephrine and epinephrine
from start of anesthesia induction to extubation, in an average of 2 hours
the visual analogue scale of sleep on the next day after surgery
Time Frame: from end of surgery to 24 hours after surgery, in a total of 24 hours
0 is the worst quality of sleep, 10 is the best quality of sleep
from end of surgery to 24 hours after surgery, in a total of 24 hours
the Athens Insomnia scale (AIS) of sleep on the next day after surgery
Time Frame: from end of surgery to 24 hours after surgery, in a total of 24 hours
The AIS is a self-reported questionnaire designed to quantify sleep difficulty based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. It consists of 8 items rated on a 4-point scale (0 = no problem, 3 = severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 24. A cutoff score of 6 provides optimal sensitivity and specificity for screening insomnia.
from end of surgery to 24 hours after surgery, in a total of 24 hours
the time to onset of delirium
Time Frame: from end of surgery to onset of delirium, in an average of 1 days
from end of surgery to onset of delirium, in an average of 1 days
the duration of delirium
Time Frame: from onset of delirium to the last day of delirium, in an average of 3 days
the time between the first and last delirium-positive days
from onset of delirium to the last day of delirium, in an average of 3 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Zhihong LU

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 25, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 1, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 28, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 12, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 26, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 12, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 8, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • XJH-A-20220628

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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