Speed, Agility, and Quickness Training (SAQ)

August 6, 2024 updated by: SUN MIN

Effects of Speed, Agility, and Quickness Training on Physical, Cognitive, and Skill Performance Among University Soccer Major Students in China

This study aims to evaluate the effects of Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) training on the physical, cognitive, and skill performance of university soccer major students in China. The hypothesis is that SAQ training will significantly improve students' physical fitness (e.g., speed, agility), cognitive functions (e.g., reaction time, decision-making), and soccer skills (e.g., ball control, passing). The study will recruit 52 university soccer major students, randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group, with 26 students in each group. The study will last for 12 weeks, and tests will be conducted before, during, and after the intervention. The expected outcome is that the intervention group will show superior performance in various tests compared to the control group, thereby validating the effectiveness of SAQ training.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study adopts a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) design to evaluate the impact of SAQ training on the physical, cognitive, and skill performance of university soccer major students. The study will recruit 52 eligible university soccer major students, randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group, with 26 students in each group. The study will last for 12 weeks, with the intervention group undergoing SAQ training three times a week, while the control group continues their regular training.

The SAQ training program includes the following components:

Warm-up and Cool-down: Each training session begins and ends with a 10-minute warm-up and cool-down to ensure safety.

Training Content: The SAQ training includes speed runs, agility exercises, and quick reaction drills, each session lasting 60 minutes.

Assessment Metrics: The study will assess students' physical fitness (speed, agility), cognitive functions (reaction time, decision-making), and soccer skills (ball control, passing).

Testing Time Points:

Pre-test: Initial assessment of all participants before the intervention. Mid-test: Mid-term assessment after 6 weeks of intervention. Post-test: Final assessment after the completion of the intervention.

Data Collection and Analysis:

Data Collection: Standardized testing methods will be used to assess all participants before, during, and after the intervention.

Data Analysis: Data will be analyzed using SPSS software, employing independent sample t-tests and ANOVA to compare differences between the intervention and control groups across various metrics.

Quality Assurance and Data Validation:

Quality Assurance Plan: An independent quality control team will oversee data collection and entry to ensure accuracy and completeness.

Data Validation: Data will be validated by comparing it with external sources (e.g., medical records, paper reports) to ensure authenticity and representativeness.

Sample Size Estimation and Statistical Analysis Plan:

Sample Size Estimation: Based on preliminary studies, the required sample size is estimated to be 52 to ensure statistical significance of the results.

Statistical Analysis Plan: Multivariate regression analysis and other methods will be used to control for confounding variables and analyze the impact of SAQ training on various metrics in detail.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
52

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Malaysia
    • Selangor
      • Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
        • Faculty of Educational Studies

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria

  • Male soccer major students (age ≥18 years old)
  • At least 3 years of professional soccer training
  • No recent history of surgery or injury
  • No participation in SAQ training programs within 8 weeks prior to the study
  • Able to provide written informed consent and willing to participate in the entire study and complete all assessments

Exclusion Criteria

  • Recent history of fractures or other injuries
  • Currently participating in an SAQ training program

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Experimental Group: SAQ Training
Participants in the experimental group will undergo Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) training three times per week, with each session lasting 60 minutes, for a duration of 12 weeks. The training intensity will range from 70% to 100% of the participants' maximum effort. This program is designed to enhance physical fitness, cognitive abilities, and soccer-specific skills.
Behavioral: Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) Training
The SAQ training will include exercises designed to improve speed, agility, and quickness, such as ladder drills, cone drills, sprint drills, and reaction drills.
Active Comparator: Control Group: Regular Training
Participants in the control group will engage in their regular training routine, which does not include the specific SAQ training regimen. The training intensity for the control group will also range from 70% to 100% of the participants' maximum effort. This routine will last for 12 weeks, with training sessions occurring three times per week for 60 minutes each session.
Behavioral: Regular Training
Participants in the control group will follow a standard soccer training regimen, which includes general conditioning exercises, skill drills, and tactical training.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Flexibility
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Measured by the sit-and-reach test. Results are recorded in centimeters (cm), with higher scores indicating better flexibility.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Agility
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Measured by the Arrowhead Agility Test. Results are recorded in seconds (s), with shorter times indicating better agility.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Sprint
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Measured by sprints at 5m, 10m, 20m, and 30m. Results are recorded in seconds (s), with shorter times indicating better speed.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Upper Body Strength
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Measured by pull-ups. Results are recorded as the number of completed pull-ups, with more pull-ups indicating greater upper body strength.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Lower Limb Explosiveness
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Measured by vertical jump. Results are recorded in centimeters (cm), with higher jump heights indicating greater explosiveness.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Aerobic Endurance
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Measured by the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (Yo-Yo2). Results are recorded as maximum distance covered（m）, with higher distances indicating better aerobic endurance.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Reaction Time
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Measured by a computerized reaction time test. Results are recorded in milliseconds (ms), with shorter reaction times indicating faster responses.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Selective attention
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Through the computer flanker task, the results are recorded in milliseconds (ms), with higher accuracy and shorter reaction time indicating better decision-making ability.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Dribbling Agility
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Measured by the 22-meter slalom dribble test. Results are recorded in seconds (s), with shorter times indicating better dribbling skills.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Passing performance
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
When measuring passing performance using the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), results are recorded as total time and passing accuracy. Total time is measured in seconds (s) and includes the time from the start of the test to the completion of the last pass, including all penalty time. Shorter total times indicate better performance. Passing accuracy is recorded by the number of successful passes into target areas, with more successful passes indicating better passing skills. Penalties are applied as follows: five seconds for completely missing the target area or passing to the wrong target, three seconds for missing the target area, three seconds for handling the ball, two seconds for passing from outside the designated area, and two seconds for the ball touching any cone.
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Height
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
The height of the participant is recorded, typically measured to two decimal places, in meters (m).
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
Weight
Time Frame: Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12
The weight of the participant is recorded, measured to one decimal place, in kilograms (kg).
Pre-intervention: Week 0 Mid-intervention: Week 6 Post-intervention: Week 12

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
SUN MIN

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Min Sun, Faculty of Educational Studies

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 25, 2024

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
February 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 30, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 6, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 9, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 9, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 6, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • SMin

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

individual participant data will not be shared. The data is intended solely for research purposes and will only be accessible to the research team. Data confidentiality will be maintained, and no individual data will be made available to external parties.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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