TranExamic Atomized for Pediatric Post-Operative Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage: Pilot Study (TEAPOT)

April 23, 2026 updated by: The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

TranExamic Atomized for Pediatric Post-Operative Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage (TEAPOT): A Pilot and Feasibility Study

After a child has their tonsils removed, sometimes they might bleed which can be a problem. There is a special mist medicine called nebulized tranexamic acid (TXA) that might help stop the bleeding without having to touch the sore spot. If this mist works well, it could help kids get better by making sure they don't have to go back for more surgery or need blood from someone else. Not having another surgery is good because it means kids won't have to sleep under medicine again, which can sometimes be risky for their brains and breathing, and they won't feel as scared or hurt.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The study intervention involves administering nebulized tranexamic acid (TXA) to pediatric patients with traumatic hemorrhage (PTH). The intervention consists of three consecutive doses of nebulized TXA.

The dosage of nebulized TXA is adjusted based on the child's weight. For children weighing more than 25 kg, each dose is 500 mg. For children weighing less than 25 kg, each dose is 250 mg.

Frequency: The three doses of nebulized TXA are administered consecutively over the course of approximately an hour. Administration Method: Nebulized TXA is delivered through a nebulizer device. A nebulizer converts the liquid medication into a fine mist or aerosol, which is then inhaled by the patient. This method allows the medication to be delivered directly to the respiratory tract, where it can exert its effect on the bleeding site. Delivery Setting: The intervention may take place in a clinical setting, such as a hospital or outpatient clinic, where nebulizer devices and medical supervision are readily available. Each patient receives three nebulized independent doses of TXA in succession. The delivery of the intervention is carried out by healthcare professionals trained in administering nebulized medications.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
12

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Texas
      • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229
        • Recruiting
        • University Hospital
        • Contact:
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Received a tonsillectomy
  2. Presents to the ED with secondary* post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage
  3. Children between age of 2 to 17 years of age (i.e., before their 18th birthday) *Secondary post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage is defined as greater than 24 hours from their primary tonsillectomy operation (arrival in recovery/PACU).

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Known and documented bleeding or clotting disorder.
  2. Known pregnancy.
  3. Patients with known hypersensitivity or allergic response to tranexamic acid.
  4. Parents or guardians who cannot communicate in English or Spanish.
  5. Intubation prior to enrollment.
  6. Previously enrolled patients.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Nebulized Tranexamic Acid
Subjects will be adminstered nebulized TXA post-tonsillectomy if they return to the emergency room with hemorrhage after surgery
Drug: Tranexamic Acid Injectable Product
Participants will receive three doses of TXA 500 mg (5 mL of TXA 100mg/ml) nebulized using a PARI LC D Disposable Nebulizer or equivalent over 10-15 minutes using 8 or greater liter/minute of gas flow.
Other Names:
  • TXA 100mg/ml
Placebo Comparator: Nebulized Saline
Subjects will be adminstered nebulized saline post-tonsillectomy if they return to the emergency room with hemorrhage after surgery
Other: Normal Saline
Participants will receive three 5 ml doses of placebo (normal saline) nebulized using a PARI LC D Disposable Nebulizer or equivalent over 10-15 minutes using 8 or greater liter/minute of gas flow.
Other Names:
  • 0.9% saline solution

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of patients enrolled per month
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)
Assess target enrollment of patients per site per month.
Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)
Number of nebulizations per patient
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)
Evaluate the ability to nebulize at least two doses of TXA to children with PTH
Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)
Indirect local concentration of nebulized TXA
Time Frame: Immediately post nebulizer treatment (within 60 minutes) and then within 8 hours.
Limited data on nebulized TXA systematic absorption. Topical PK studies of TXA document a significant reduction in systematic levels but the same hemostasis effect. Collection of two blood samples from each participant. This will verify a pulmonary physiological-based PK model (PBPK) (i.e., nasal cavity, pharynx, and lung) that indirectly predicts the oropharyngeal and systematic concentration of nebulized TXA.
Immediately post nebulizer treatment (within 60 minutes) and then within 8 hours.
Systemic Concentration of nebulized TXA
Time Frame: Immediately post nebulizer treatment (within 60 minutes) and up to eights hours.
Pharmacokinetics samples will be collected after completion of the last nebulized treatment received within sixty minutes. A second time point should then be collected after sixty minutes up to eight hours from last nebulization, separated from the previous time point by at least sixty to ninety minutes. The serum TXA levels will be used to verify a TXA Physiological-based Pharmacokinetic model and determine the population variability. This PBPK model is built by our research pharmacist based on extensive research already completed on TXA distribution and metabolism. Once the model is built, the investigators only need a one to two samples to determine if the model accurately reflects collect samples. The investigators will develop a base model to determine a best-fit compartmental model, distribution, and elimination kinetics. The investigators will also use stochastic models to evaluate between-subject variability in PK parameters.
Immediately post nebulizer treatment (within 60 minutes) and up to eights hours.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of return visits to the OR
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)
The need for return to the Operating Room (OR) for surgical management of PTH) will be followed for up to seven days after randomization
Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)
Estimated blood loss
Time Frame: Baseline to 7 days
Determine the estimated blood loss per participant
Baseline to 7 days
Number of recurrences of PTH
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)
Number of participants in which there was a recurrence of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage after the study drug was administered
Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)
Number of blood transfusions required
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)
Blood product transfusion volume will be measured at discharge or 24 hours (whichever comes first). This will include the volume of packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, cryoprecipitate, or whole blood. Any mention of blood loss in electronic health records from emergency, anesthesiology, or surgeons' notes will be recorded.
Baseline to 18 months (or duration of study)

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
Time Frame: Day 1, 7 and 30
The participant rates their pain from 0=No hurt to 10=Hurts worst
Day 1, 7 and 30
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for Adults
Time Frame: Day 1 and day 7 plus or minus one day.

A widely used self-reported anxiety assessment instrument with versions for children over eight years of age, adolescents, and adults is the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The assessment is composed of two separate scales used in assessing situational (STAI-State) and baseline (STAI-Trait) anxiety levels. For more information please see https://www.mindgarden.com/145-state-trait-anxiety-inventory-for-adults.

Scale Range: Each part (State and Trait) of the STAI consists of 20 items, with scores ranging from 20 to 80. State Anxiety: Reflects how the respondent feels at a particular moment (e.g., calm, tense). Trait Anxiety: Measures how the respondent generally feels over time (e.g., relaxed, nervous).

Score Interpretation: Higher Scores: Indicate higher levels of anxiety. A score above 40 is generally considered to suggest significant anxiety symptoms.

Lower Scores: Indicate lower levels of anxiety.
Day 1 and day 7 plus or minus one day.
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC)
Time Frame: Day 1 and Day 7 (plus or minus one day)

Scale Range: Similar to the adult version, the STAIC has separate scales for state and trait anxiety, each with 20 items. Scores range from 20 to 60 for each scale.

State Anxiety: Measures how children feel at the moment. Trait Anxiety: Assesses how children usually feel over time.

Score Interpretation: Higher Scores: Reflect higher levels of anxiety. A score above 30 on either scale may indicate elevated anxiety. Lower Scores: Suggest lower levels of anxiety.

Interpretation: High State Anxiety Scores: Indicate a current feeling of anxiety or stress, possibly due to a specific situation or event. High Trait Anxiety Scores: Suggest a predisposition to experiencing anxiety more frequently or intensely over time. Low Scores (Both State and Trait): Indicate calmness and a lower likelihood of anxiety, whether temporarily or as a general tendency.
Day 1 and Day 7 (plus or minus one day)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Andrew D Meyer, MD, MS, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 18, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 30, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 30, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 29, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 29, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 30, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 23, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • STUDY00000638

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

This study will comply with the NIH Data Sharing Policy and Policy on the Dissemination of NIH-Funded Clinical Trial Information and the Clinical Trials Registration and Results in Information Submission rule. As such, this trial will be registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, and results in information from this trial will be submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov. In addition, every attempt will be made to publish results in peer-reviewed journals.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Data from this study may be requested by other researchers 3 years after the completion of the primary endpoint by contacting Andrew D. Meyer, MD, MS or through the DCC public use dataset website.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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